1. Jake Allen + Krissy LaPointe + Drew Spicer
Ankles of Action!
Jake Allen + Krissy LaPointe + Drew Spicer

2. Bones & Joints BONES: Fibula Talus Tibia Calcaneus JOINTS: Talofibular
Tibiofibular
Tibiotalar

3. Ligaments

4. Muscles

5. Movements Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion Inversion Eversion
“Women with increased tibial varum and calcaneal
eversion range of motion are at greater risk of
suffering ankle ligament trauma, while men with
increased talar tilt are at greater risk.” (Medline Plus, 2011)

6. Restrictions Structures Limiting Movements
Dorsiflexion
(ROM)
0° - 20°
Ligaments: Medial Ligament of Ankle, Calcaneofibular, Posterior Talofibular, Posterior Joint Capsule
Contact of Talus w/ Tibia
Tension of Plantarflexors of Ankle
Plantarflexion
0° - 50°
Ligaments: Anterior Talofibular, Anterior Part of Medial Ligament of Ankle, Anterior Joint Capsule
Contact of Talus w/ Fibula
Tensions of Dorsiflexors of Ankle
Inversion
0° - 35°
Ligaments: Lateral Ligament of Ankle, Talocalcaneal Ligament, Lateral Joint Capsule
Tension of Evertor Muscles of Ankle
Eversion
0° - 25°
Ligaments: Medial Ligament of Ankle, Medial Talocalcaneal Ligament, Medial Joint Capsule
Tensions of Tibialis posterior, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus
Contact of Talus w/ Calcaneus
Moore: Table 5.16 (pg 387) & Table 5.17 (pg 390)
Dorsiflexion limited to 20 degrees. The Posterior Tibiotalar, Tibionavicular and Tibiocalcaneal Ligaments of the Deltoid Ligament along with the Calcaneofibular, Posterior Talofibular and the Posterior aspect of the joint capsule. As well as neck of the Talus bumping into the anterior inferior aspect of the Tibia and the Plantar Flexors. All of these structures limit Dorsiflexion.
Plantar Flexion limited to 50 degrees. The last Deltoid Ligament, Anterior Tibiotalar, the Talofibular, and the Anterior aspect of the joint capsule. As well as the Dorsiflexors and the Talus. During plantar flexion, the talus internally rotates as a result of its conical and wedged shape it also supinates slightly causing posterolateral wedging between the posterolateral trochlea and lateral malleolus. Together these structures limit Plantar Flexion.
Inversion limited to 35 degrees. Lateral ligaments of the ankle, Lateral Talocalcanneal ligament and the Lateral aspect of the joint capsule, along with the Evertor Muscles limit Inversion.
Eversion limited to 25 degrees. The Deltiod, Medial Talocalcaneal Ligaments, and the Medial aspect of the joint capsule. Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Hallucis Longus, and Flexor Digitorum Longus also act to limit Eversion. And due to the abnormal shape of the Subtalar joint the contact between the Talus and the Calcaneus also limit Eversion.

7. Assess the Ankle Actions

8. References
Medline Plus, National Institutes of Health. (2011, March). Ankle Ligament Injury Risk Factors: a prospective study of college athletes. Retrieved September 29,2014, from
Moore, Keith L., Agur, Anne M.R., and Dalley, Arthur F. (2015). Essential Clinical Anatomy (5th ed). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Netter, Frank H. (2014). Atlas of Human Anatomy. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PN: Saunders.
Pro Active Physical Therapy. (2011). Ankle Impingement Problems. Impingement-Problems/a~120/article.html
Rehabilitation: Merck Manual Professional. (2013, August). Normal Values for Range of Motion of Joints: Ankle. Retrieved October 3, 2014, from therapy_pt.html