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The Dawn of the Atomic Age

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Presentation on theme: "The Dawn of the Atomic Age"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Dawn of the Atomic Age
The Cold War and the Bomb

2 Early Regulation United Nations UN Atomic Energy Commission, 1946
Soviets call for complete disarmament US rejects this US creates Baruch Plan Regulation and inspection of all nuclear activities Soviets reject this

3 US Policy McMahon Act (Atomic Energy Act of 1946)
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Takes nuclear control from military Robert Oppenheimer first head Nuclear cooperation with Britain halted But British continue anyway

4 Operation Crossroads, 1946 US tests two atomic bombs at Bikini Atoll
ABLE, July 1 First post-war nuclear test Airborne BAKER, July 25 Underwater Very destructive; high radiation

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6 Russia Goes Nuclear Klaus Fuchs, Soviet Spy Joe-1
Worked on Manhattan Project with British Gave atomic secrets to Russia Joe-1 First nuclear test August 29, 1949

7 Race for the Hydrogen Bomb
The “Super” Atomic bomb is fission Hydrogen bomb is fusion Much more explosive and deadly Oppenheimer opposes development He is removed in 1953 Falsely accused of having associations with communists

8 Race for the Hydrogen Bomb
Edward Teller Father of the Hydrogen Bomb MIKE, November 1, 1952 Enewetak Atoll BRAVO, March 1, 1954 Bikini Atoll Much larger yield than expected, 14.8 megatons Largest US test ever Makes region uninhabitable for years

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10 Massive Retaliation Perception that US conventional forces lag behind USSR and China Eisenhower does not want massive troop buildup US Nuclear superiority is deterrent John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State “Local defense must be reinforced by the further deterrent of massive retaliatory power.”

11 Race for the Hydrogen Bomb
Soviets develop Super August 12, 1953 Central Siberia, not as powerful October 23, 1961 58 megaton H-Bomb By far the lagers nuclear blast ever Americans expected much longer lag

12 The War at Home Federal Civil Defense Act, 1950
FCDA charged with creating plans in case of nuclear attack for Shelter Evacuation Training Funds distributed to local government agencies

13 The Nuclear Club Expands
Britain, 1952 Hurricane France 1960 Blue Gerbil China, 1964

14 Mutually Assured Destruction
From late 1950s-1960s Advent of “second strike” capabilities Inter-continental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) Nuclear submarines Each side has more than enough capacity and capability to decimate the other If Cold War gets too “hot” its the end of the Earth

15 US and Soviet Nuclear Strategic Forces, 1950-2000
US USSR/Russia Year Launchers Warheads Launchers Warheads * 84* ,559 3, ,100 5,239 1,985 2,216 , ,608 2,545 7,480 , ,477 2, ,271 ,407 7,519 1,266 6,094 ,225 5, ,732 Source: Arms Control Association, Fact Sheets (2005) *=1956 totals

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