1. Genome They are the volums of an encyclopaedia called Genome. Cell Nucleus Tissues The chromosomes contains the instruction of alive beings

2. Dna STRUCTURE 1953 – Watson and Crick discover the structure of DNA 1953 – Rosalind Franklin X difraction image of DNA But what are the letters, the words and the sentences?

3. Chromosomes: the letters The a chromosome will be:... A T A G G C T A C G C A A A C C G G T C T A... Two strands of DNA: alphabet of four bases { A, C, G, T} complementaries (A T, G C) Base … and the words and sentences?

4. Chromosomes: words and sentences DNA: Promoter Gene DNA:

5. Chromosomes: synthesis of a protein Transcription DNA: PromoterGene DNA: RNA:

6. Transcription

7. Chromosomes: synthesis of a protein Translation Transcription Maturation DNA: PromoterGen DNA: RNA:

8. Chromosomes: synthesis of a protein Translation Transcription Maturation DNA: PromotorGen DNA: (gana matí estiu)(Torrades amb mantega i melmelada) DNA: RNA: Synthesis How it occurs into the cell?

9. Central dogma of molecula biology

10. Synthesis of a protein Dins la cel.lula: mol/celtipus mRNA 1500 600 tRNA 200000>3000 Proteïnes 10 6 2000

11. Chromosomes: synthesis of a protein Translation Transcription Maturation DNA: PromotorGen DNA: (gana matí estiu)(Torrades amb mantega i melmelada) DNA: RNA: Synthesis : it is very complex:

12. Chromosomes: synthesis of a protein Traducció Transcripció Maduració DNA: PromotorGen DNA: (gana matí estiu)(Torrades amb mantega i melmelada) DNA: RNA: Plegament: quines fases té?

13. Synthesis of a protein

14. Proteins

15. QIKDLLVSSSTDLDTTLVLVNAIYFKGMW KTAFNAEDTREMPFHVTKQESKPVQMMCM NNSFNVATLPAEKMKILELPFASGDLSML VLLPDEVSDLERIEKTINFEKLTEWTNPN TMEKRRVKVYLPQMKIEEKYNLTSVLMAL GMTDLFIPSANLTGISSAESLKISQAVHG AFMELSEDGIEMAGSTGVIEDIKHSPESE QFRADHPFLFLIKHNPTNTIVYFGRYWSP

16. Human genome Cromosoma 1: 246Mb ……. Cromosoma 22: 47Mb Cromosoma X: 149Mb Cromosoma Y: 58Mb 3000 millions of bases (27 enciclopèdies catalanes) 2001 – Draft of the human genome

17. Human chromosomes

18. What’s in the human genome? gene non- coding part gene coding part (2%) “parasitic” repetitive elements microsatellitesDNA long repeats

19. Annotation

20. Comparison with another genomes OrganismGenome Size (Bases)Estimated Genes Human (Homo sapiens)3000 million30,000 Laboratory mouse (M. musculus)2600 million30,000 Mustard weed (A. thaliana)100 million25,000 Roundworm (C. elegans)97 million19,000 Fruit fly (D. melanogaster)137 million13,000 Yeast (S. cerevisiae)12.1 million6,000 Bacterium (E. coli) 4.6 million3,200 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 97009 Genbank: http://www.ncbi.nim.nih.govhttp://www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov