2. Anatomy Kidneys = bean-shaped organs, located on each side of the spinal column, removal of waste from the blood. Nephron = microscopic located in the kidney, urine producing. Glomerulus = process begins here, clusters of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron Renal pelvis = funnel shaped reservoir & passes it to the urter. Hilum = indentation in kidney, ureter leaves. Ureters = tubes, carry urine to the bladder.

4. Anatomy Urinary bladder = hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. Urethra = tube, from bladder to the outside of the body, longer in the male. Urinary meatus = opening through which the urine passes to the outside. Urine = pale yellow liquid waste product, 95% water and 5% nitrogenous waste.

7. Combining Forms Blast/o = developing cell. Glyc/o = sugar. Hydr/o = water. Lith/o = stone, calculus. Noct/i = night. Olig/o = scanty, few. Son/o = sound. Tom/o = cut, section. Urin/o = urine. Ven/o = vein.

8. Suffixes -iasis esis = condition -lysis = loosening, dissolution, separating -megaly = enlargement -orrhaphy = suturing, repairing -ptosis = drooping, sagging, prolapse -tripsy = surgical crushing -uria = urine, urination -trophy = nourishment, development

9. Disease & Disorder Cystitis = inflammation of the bladder. Cystocele = protrusion of the bladder. Cystolith = stone in the bladder. Hydronephrosis = abnormal condition of water in the kidney, from an obstruction. Nephroblastoma = kidney tumor, developing cell, (Wilms’ tumor). Nephrolithiasis = stones in the kidney. Nephroma = tumor of the kidney. Nephromegaly = enlargement of the kidney.

10. Disease & Disorder Nephroptosis = drooping kidney. Pyelitis = inflammation of the renal pelvis. Uremia = urine in the blood, toxic condition. Ureterocele = protrusion of a ureter. Ureterostenosis = narrowing of the ureter. Urethrocystitis = inflammation of the urethra and the bladder. Polycystic kidney = kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged. Renal calculi = stones in the kidney.

11. Disease & Disorder Renal hypertension = elevated blood pressure, resulting from kidney disease. Urinary retention = accumulation of urine in the bladder. Inability to urinate. Urinary suppression = sudden stoppage of urine formation. Urinary tract infection (UTI) = infection of one or more of the urinary tract.

12. Surgical Terms Cystectomy = excision of the bladder. Cystolithotomy = incision of the bladder to remove a stone. Cystoplasty = surgical repair of the bladder. Cystostomy = creating an artificial opening into the bladder. Lithotripsy = surgical crushing of a stone. Nephrectomy = excision of a kidney.

13. Surgical Terms Pyelolithotomy = incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone. Ureterectomy = excision of a ureter. Urethroplasty = surgical repair of the urethra. Urethrotomy = incision in the urethra. Fulguration = destruction of living tissue with an electric spark, to remove growths. Renal transplant = implantation of a donor kidney. Lithotrite = instrument used to crush a stone.

14. Procedural Terms KUB = an x-ray of the abdomen, kindey, ureter & bladder. BUN = measure the amount of urea in the blood. Determines kidney function. Increase  indicates renal dysfunction. Specific gravity = test on urine specimen to measure the concentration or diluting ability of the kidneys. Urinalysis (UA) = multiple routine test done on a urine specimen.

15. Word building Dysuria Painful urination Nocturnal enuresis Bed wetting during sleep Nocturia Urination at night, not bed wetting Oliguria Scanty (small) production of urine Polyuria Condition of excessive urination Urinepyuria high pus cells in urine Nocturia Frequently getting up and urinating during the night.

16. Complementary Terms Albuminuria = albumin in the urine, indicates kidney problems. Glycosuria - sugar (glucose) in the urine. Enuresis Involuntary release of urine, most often in reference to "bedwetting.” Anuria Complete stop of urine flow

17. Complementary Terms Pyuria = pus in the urine. Urologist = physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of the urinary system. Urology = study of the urinary system. The reproductive system of the male. Catheter = flexible, tube-like device for withdrawing or instilling fluids. Distended = stretched out. Diuretic = agent that increases the amount of urine.

18. Complementary Terms Hemodialysis = procedure of removing impurities from the blood, because kidney can’t. Incontinence = inability to control the bladder and/or bowels. Micturate = to urinate of void. Stricture = abnormal narrowing, urethral stricture. Void = to empty or evacuate waste material.

19. Abbreviations BUN = blood urea nitrogen cath = catheterization HD = hemodialysis KUB = kidney, ureter, and bladder SG = specific gravity UA = urinalysis UTI = urinary tract infection