1. Ocean Environment

2. Ocean Contents
Ocean water is salty, SALINITY is a measure of the amount of dissolved salt contained in water.
Salt water is more dense then fresh water
Density is a measure of the amount of matter packed into a given volume; the higher the salt content the more density, the easier it is to float
Parts of the ocean can be saltier then other parts if evaporation has taken place
As you go down in depth the salinity increases

3. Ocean Floor

4. Ocean Zones
Intertidal Zone
Near Shore
Open Ocean

5. Intertidal Zone Intertidal Zone What lives there?
Changes conditions based on high or low tide
Organisms must be able to survive in wet and dry environments.
At low tide: The intertidal zone is exposed to air, the environment is dry.
At high tide: the intertidal zone is covered in water.
What lives there?
-Crabs, mussels, starfish, seaweed

6. Near Shore: Coral Reefs
Located over the continental shelf
Coral Reefs
Tropical regions
Built from limestone deposits
Contains 25% of all ocean life
Only exist where sunlight can reach the ocean floor
What lives there?
-Algae, Anemone, Anemone Fish, Parrotfish, Moray Eel, Nudibranch, Clams(giant clams), Coral, starfish, Sea Urchins

7. Near Shore: Kelp Forests
A type of seaweed in cold water
Can be 40m (length of an airline jet)
Need sunlight to grow so found only in the near shore environment
What lives there?
-Worms, Starfish, Lobsters, Crabs, Abalones, Octopus and Sea Otters.

8. Three Types of Organisms of the Near Shore Environment
Bottom Dwellers
Plant like organisms; algae, seaweed, crabs, corals, starfish, and shellfish
Floaters
Don’t swim, float; jellyfish
Swimmers
Fish, dolphins, whales and octopuses
Theses animals swim

9. Open Ocean: Surface Zone
The top 200m of the open ocean.
Has SUNLIGHT
Contains less life then near shore because there are no plants, rocks or reefs to protect life
What lives there?
-Dolphins, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Jellyfish

10. Open Ocean: Deep Zone Deep Zone: Dark and cold NO SUNLIGHT = NO PLANTS
Animals that live here must eat each other to survive or eat food that floats down from the surface
Most species glow in the dark at this stage
What lives there?
-Whales, lantern fish, Hatchet Fish, Mid-water Shrimp, Angelfish, Gulper Eel, Rattail, Giant Squid

11. Deep Ocean: Hydrothermal Vents
-Openings in Earth’s crust
-Water seeps into cracks in the ocean floor and is heated by magma. Heated water rises and gushes into the ocean
- Organisms survive here from the bacteria
What lives there?
-Bacteria, tubeworms, crabs, fish, shrimp

12. Estuaries and Wetlands
Salt marshes
-what lives there
Mangrove forests