1. THE COMMONWEALTH FUND Multinational Comparisons of Health Systems Data, 2012 David Squires The Commonwealth Fund November 2012

2. 2 Health Care Spending and Coverage THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

3. Source: OECD Health Data 2012. Average Health Care Spending per Capita, 1980–2010 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living 3 Dollars ($US) THE COMMONWEALTH FUND * 2009

4. GDP refers to gross domestic product. Source: OECD Health Data 2012. Health Care Spending as a Percentage of GDP, 1980–2010 4 Percent THE COMMONWEALTH FUND * 2009

5. 5 Health Care Spending per Capita by Source of Funding, 2010 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living * 2009. Dollars ($US) 8,233 4,4634,445 4,338 3,974 3,758 3,670 3,035 3,433 5,269 Source: OECD Health Data 2012. THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 3,022

6. 6 Pharmaceutical Spending per Capita, 2010 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living * 2009. ** 2008. Source: OECD Health Data 2012. THE COMMONWEALTH FUND Dollars ($US)

7. 7 Health Care Supply and Utilization THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

8. Hospital Discharges per 1,000 Population, 2010 * 2009. ** 2008. Source: OECD Health Data 2012. 8 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

9. Average Length of Hospital Stay for Acute Myocardial Infarction, 2010 Days * 2009. Source: OECD Health Data 2012. 9 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

10. 10 Inpatient Coronary Bypass Procedures per 100,000 Population, 2010 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND * 2009. Source: OECD Health Data 2012.

11. 11 Average Annual Number of Physician Visits per Capita, 2010 * 2009. ** 2008. Source: OECD Health Data 2012. THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

12. Number of Practicing Physicians per 1,000 Population, 2010 * 2009. Source: OECD Health Data 2012. 12 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

13. 13 Number of Acute Care Hospital Beds per 1,000 Population, 2010 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND * 2009. ** 2008. Source: OECD Health Data 2012.

14. 14 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Units per Million Population, 2010 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND * 2009. ** 2008. Source: OECD Health Data 2012.

15. 15 Computed Tomography (CT) Scanners per Million Population, 2010 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND ** 2008. *** 2007. Source: OECD Health Data 2012.

16. 16 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanners per Million Population, 2010 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND * 2009. ** 2008. Source: OECD Health Data 2012.

17. 17 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

18. THE COMMONWEALTH FUND Cervical Cancer Screening Rates, 2010 Percent of women screened Note: Norway, UK, NZ, Denmark, and Australia based on program data; all other countries based on survey data. * 2009. ** 2008. Source: OECD Health Data 2012. 18

19. Flu Immunization Among Adults Ages 65 or Older, 2010 Percent * 2009. ** 2008. Source: OECD Health Data 2012. THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 19

20. 20 Adults Who Report Being Daily Smokers, 2010 Percent THE COMMONWEALTH FUND * 2009. Source: OECD Health Data 2012.

21. 21 Obesity (BMI>30) Prevalence Among Adult Population, 2010 Note: Body-mass index (BMI) estimates based on national health interview surveys (self-reported data) are usually significantly lower than estimates based on actual measurements. Percent Measured Self-reported THE COMMONWEALTH FUND * 2009. ** 2008. Source: OECD Health Data 2012.

22. 22 Quality and Patient Safety THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

23. Mortality Amenable to Health Care Deaths per 100,000 population* * Countries’ age-standardized death rates before age 75; including ischemic heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and bacterial infections. Analysis of World Health Organization mortality files and CDC mortality data for U.S. Source: Adapted from E. Nolte and M. McKee, “Variations in Amenable Mortality—Trends in 16 High-Income Nations,” Health Policy, published online Sept. 12, 2011. 23 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

24. Breast Cancer Five-Year Relative Survival Rate, 2004–2009 (or nearest period) Source: OECD Health Data 2011. Percent THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 24

25. * 2008. ** 2007. Source: OECD Health Data 2011. Diabetes Lower Extremity Amputation Rates per 100,000 Population, 2009 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 25

26. † In-hospital case-fatality rates within 30 days of admission. Age-sex standardized rates. In-Hospital Mortality After Admission for Acute Myocardial Infarction † per 100 Patients, 2009 Source: OECD Health Care Data 2012. 26 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND * 2008. ** 2007.

27. Note: Age-sex-SDX standardized rates. Foreign Object Left in Body During Procedure per 100,000 Hospital Discharges, 2009 Source: OECD Health Care Data 2012. 27 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND * 2008. ** 2010.

28. Note: Age-sex-SDX standardized rates. Postoperative Sepsis per 100,000 Hospital Discharges, 2009 Source: OECD Health Care Data 2012. 28 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND * 2008. ** 2007. *** 2010.

29. 29 Prices THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

30. Drug Prices for 30 Most Commonly Prescribed Drugs, 2006–2007 US is set at 1.0 Source: IMS Health; analysis by Gerard Anderson, Johns Hopkins University. 30 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

31. Diagnostic Imaging Prices, 2011 Note: MRI refers to magnetic resonance imaging; CT refers to computed tomography. Source: International Federation of Health Plans, 2011 Comparative Price Report. 31 MRI scanning and imaging fees CT scanning and imaging fees (head) THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

32. Hospital Spending per Discharge, 2010 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living Dollars 32 * 2009. ** 2008. Source: OECD Health Data 2012. THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

33. 33 Physician Fee for Hip Replacement, 2008 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living Source: M. J. Laugesen and S. A. Glied, “Higher Fees Paid to U.S. Physicians Drive Higher Spending for Physician Services Compared to Other Countries,” Health Affairs, Sept. 2011 30(9):1647–56. Public payers Private payers THE COMMONWEALTH FUND Dollars

34. 34 Physician Incomes, 2008 Adjusted for Differences in Cost of Living Primary care doctors Orthopedic surgeons Source: M. J. Laugesen and S. A. Glied, “Higher Fees Paid to U.S. Physicians Drive Higher Spending for Physician Services Compared to Other Countries,” Health Affairs, Sept. 2011 30(9):1647–56. THE COMMONWEALTH FUND Dollars