1. Teaching Vocabulary using PAR Framework
Objective: To understand that students learn and grow when teachers spend time teaching vocabulary strategies that students may use independently to enrich their own understanding.
- J. Richardson, R. Morgan, and C. Fleener

2. P (Preparation)
Students attempt to make sense of vocabulary terms before reading begins.

3. Word Inventories Graphic Organizers
readers assess their own knowledge and rate themselves
Graphic Organizers
information is displayed in a diagram and a discussion takes place on why it is arranged that way
*most popular type of graphic organizer is semantic map (depicts the interrelationships and hierarchies of concepts in a lesson)

4. Vocabulary Connection
Possible Sentences
designed to introduce the new vocabulary and arouse curiosity about reading passages
Vocabulary Connection
students use a term from a previous book to describe a situation in a book currently being studies
*encourages higher-level thinking skills as students make connections to content area subjects

5. Capsule Vocabulary
readers explore relationships among words and helps students connect those relationships with what the students already know

6. Teachers encourage students to develop word consciousness.
A (Assistance)
Teachers encourage students to develop word consciousness.

7. Context Clue Discovery
teachers share specific clues that students should look for in text to discover the meaning of unfamiliar words
*definitions, signal words, direct explanations, synonyms, antonyms, and inferences
DISSECT
D-Discover word’s context I-Isolate the prefix
S-Separate the suffix S-Say the stem or root word
E-Examine the stem or root word C-Check with someone
T-Try the dictionary

8. Organizational Charts
Word Attack Paradigms
students are given a series of steps to aid them in a new word
Vocabulary Lists
students keep a list of new terms they have mastered
Organizational Charts
students compare and contrast words using organizational charts

9. Using the Dictionary
good for exposure to new words but not useful in building and encouraging vocabulary

10. R (Reflection)
Teaching vocabulary after reading holds much promise in helping students thoroughly grasp the meaning of difficult terms.

11. Semantic Feature Analysis
Interactive Cloze
encourages students to pay close attention to words in print and to actively seek the meaning of passages by studying vocabulary terms
Semantic Feature Analysis
provides a deeper understanding of language
*some researchers feel this is the best activity for teaching vocabulary

12. Post-Graphic Organizers
Word Puzzles
reinforces learned vocabulary
Post-Graphic Organizers
return to already created graphic organizers to enhance concept development
DR-TA Vocabulary Search
directed reading-thinking activity

13. Vocabulary Study System
T- Test
O- Organize
A- Anchor
S- Say
T-Test
Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy
students and teachers share words they want to learn and remember after they read an assignment

14. Language Enrichment *Keyword and Imagining * Word Analogies
* Magic Squares
* Vocabulary Illustrations
* Vocabulary Bingo
* Word Bubbles
* Odd Word Out
* Word Inquiry

15. Summary-
Taking into account all of the many strategies used to teach vocabulary, teachers must consider the cultural and developmental differences of the students. Teachers must plan for a wide variety of approaches, practices, and methods to teach vocabulary.