1. Monday, 26 Prologue Recital Poetry Notes –Iambic Pentameter –Lyric Poetry –Sonnets Turn in Anticipation Guide Prologue Rewrite Puns Syntax

2. Poetry SPI 3002.8.5 Determine the significance/meaning of a symbol in poetry or prose. SPI 3002.8.6 Differentiate between mood and tone in poetry or prose. SPI 3002.8.9 Demonstrate knowledge of sound and metric devices. SPI 3002.8.10 Demonstrate knowledge of the characteristics of various types of poetry. SPI 3002.8.14 Identify classical, historical, and literary allusions in context. SPI 3002.8.16 Analyze how form relates to meaning (e.g. compare a poem and a newspaper on the same theme or topic). Dead Poet's Society - Find your own voice

3. Narrative Poetry Tells a story Narrative Poetry is found in different types of poetry such as Ballads, Epics, and Lays. All of these examples are different kinds of narrative poems some of which are the length of a book such as the Song of Hiawatha or the Iliad.BalladsEpicsLaysSong of Hiawatha

4. Example of Narrative Poetry - Excerpt John Barleycorn by Robert Burns There were three kings into the east, Three kings both great and high, And they have sworn a solemn oath John Barleycorn should die. The Raven Goblin Market On Turning Ten The whole idea of it makes me feel like I'm coming down with something, something worse than any stomach ache or the headaches I get from reading in bad light-- a kind of measles of the spirit, a mumps of the psyche, a disfiguring chicken pox of the soul. You tell me it is too early to be looking back, but that is because you have forgotten the perfect simplicity of being one and the beautiful complexity introduced by two. But I can lie on my bed and remember every digit. At four I was an Arabian wizard. I could make myself invisible by drinking a glass of milk a certain way. At seven I was a soldier, at nine a prince. But now I am mostly at the window watching the late afternoon light. Back then it never fell so solemnly against the side of my tree house, and my bicycle never leaned against the garage as it does today, all the dark blue speed drained out of it. This is the beginning of sadness, I say to myself, as I walk through the universe in my sneakers. It is time to say good-bye to my imaginary friends, time to turn the first big number. It seems only yesterday I used to believe there was nothing under my skin but light. If you cut me I could shine. But now when I fall upon the sidewalks of life, I skin my knees. I bleed. Billy Collins

5. Ballads Tell a story Subjects can be heroic, satirical, romantic, or political. Focus on the actions and dialogue of a story, not on the characters. Usually end in tragedy. Usually songs Bonny Barbara Allan

6. Jesse James was a man And he killed many men He robbed the Glendale train And he took from the richer And he gave that to the poorer He’d a hand and a heart and a brain Oh Jesse had a wife to mourn for his life Three children they were so brave But that dirty little coward That shot Mr. Howard Has laid Jesse James in his grave (instrumental) On Wednesday night When the moon was shining bright They robbed that Glendale train And the folks from miles about (yeah they can) They all said without a doubt It was done by her Frankie and Jesse James (yes it was) Oh Jessie had a wife, to mourn for his life Three children they were so brave But that dirty little coward That shot Mr. Howard Has laid (poor) Jesse James in his grave (instrumental) Well the people held their breath When they heard about jesses death (yeah) And they wondered how poor Jesse came to die (how did he die? ) It was one of his guys, called little Robert ford And he shot Jessie James on the sly Oh Jessie had a wife to mourn for his life Three children they were so brave But that dirty little coward That shot Mr. Howard Has laid Jesse James in his grave Has laid poor Jesse in his grave He laid Jesse James in his grave The Ballad of Jesse James

7. Dramatic Poetry Also called verse drama. Mix of drama and poetry Shakespeare’s plays Look for figurative and stage directions for full meaning of this poetry

8. PUCK If we shadows have offended, Think but this, and all is mended, That you have but slumber'd here While these visions did appear. And this weak and idle theme, No more yielding but a dream, Gentles, do not reprehend: if you pardon, we will mend: And, as I am an honest Puck, If we have unearned luck Now to 'scape the serpent's tongue, We will make amends ere long; Else the Puck a liar call; So, good night unto you all. Give me your hands, if we be friends, And Robin shall restore amends

9. Epic Poems Long, complicated story-poems Tell about extraordinary deeds of heroes and villains Uses invocation – asking a god of muse for help and Epithet – naming a character’s qualities –The Odyssey, Beowulf, Gilgamesh Epic Heroes Today

10. Lyric Poetry Conveys an exact mood or feeling Poet speaks directly to the reader and asks for sympathy Sonnet – 14 line poem with strict formatting Iambic pentameter Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day sonnet formulas

11. Lyric Poem - O Captain! My Captain! Captain O CAPTAIN! my Captain! our fearful trip is done; The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won; The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; Rise up--for you the flag is flung--for you the bugle trills; 10 For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths--for you the shores a-crowding; For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; Here Captain! dear father! This arm beneath your head; It is some dream that on the deck, You've fallen cold and dead. My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still; My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will; The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won; 20 Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! But I, with mournful tread, Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. Walt Whitman victor

12. Interpreting poetry Example of Narrative Poetry To an extent, reading literature is a subjective process because different pieces of writing can be interpreted in different ways by the reader. In this example, Frost is commonly interpreted as looking back on his experience with joy. That is true, if he were to speak those lines cheerfully. However, imagine that he actually sighs when he says "sigh" and he appears sullen when he says "And that has made all the difference." The entire meaning of the poem is changed, and Frost is, indeed, not thrilled with the choice he made in the past. The Road Not Taken Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim Because it was grassy and wanted wear, Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I marked the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I, I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. Robert Frost

13. Poetic Devices Poets use a variety of techniques to make their words more effective. Alliteration – the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words. Example: Before I built a wall I’d ask to know/what I was walling in or walling out. Mending Wall – Robert Frost Repetition – repeating sounds, syllables, lines, and stanzas in literature. Example: The rain is falling all around, / It falls on field and tree, /It rains on the umbrellas here. Rain by Robert Stevenson The woods are lovely, dark and deep. /but I have promises to keep, / And miles to go before I sleep, and miles to go before I sleep. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost.

14. Onomatopoeia – using words to suggest how something sounds. The word will sound like the intended sound. Boom Boom Pow Examples: Whoosh, splash, buzz, hiss. How they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle, /In their icy air of night. /By the twanging, /And the clanging, /How the danger ebbs and flows. The Bells by Edgar Allan Poe

15. Allusion – reference to specific place, historical event, famous literary figure, or work of art within a literary work. –Classical – classical art, religion, mythological figures, poetry, and the like. Brandon is beginning to think he’s so powerful that he belongs on Mount Olympus. –Historical – reference some important person or event from history. I would never betray my team. I’m no Benedict Arnold. –Literary – reference famous literary works, their characters, or their authors. Marcus was sure Jessica had passed the test when he saw her Cheshire-Cat smile.

16. Poets often use Rhythm and rhyme scheme to complement the mood and tone of their work Fixed forms – appear in poetry such as sonnets, odes, and ballads. Blank verse – lines that have a definite rhythm, but no rhyme. –Iambic pentameter, often used by Shakespeare Free verse – has no regular meter or rhythm.

17. Blank verse Excerpt from Macbeth by William Shakespeare Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow, Creeps in this petty pace from day to day, To the last syllable of recorded time; And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle! Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more: it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing.

18. Free verse Song of Myself by Walt Whitman I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loaf and invite my soul, I lean and loaf at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.

19. –Arrangement of sounds or movement, in a definite pattern, over a period of time. –Rhythm appears in music, athletics, dance, and some fiction. –Our minds and bodies react to rhythm. Meter –A word pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Rhythm

20. Stressed syllableUnstressed –“Shall I compare thee to a summers day” METER OR FOOT –“Shall I compare thee to a summers day” Iambic pentameter: This poem excerpt has 5 feet/meters of unstressed and stressed syllables per line. Rhythm 5

21. Rhyme Internal rhyme – found inside a single line of poetry –Poor Jesse had a wife to mourn for his life Slant rhyme/half rhyme – words that almost but not quite rhyme. When have I last looked on (a) The round green eyes and the long wavering bodies (b) Of the dark leopards of the moon (a) All the wild witches, those most noble ladies, (b) For all their broom-sticks and their tears, (c) Their angry tears, are gone. (d) The holy centaurs of the hills are vanished; (e) I have nothing but the embittered sun; (d) Banished heroic mother moon and vanished, (e) And now that I have come to fifty years (c) I must endure the timid sun. (d) Internal rhyme – Occurs at the end of lines

22. Fun examples Alphabet Poetry Snowflakes Astonishingly beautiful Cold, darting Exciting frost Graceful heavens Icy jewels Keen lace Majestic needles of pretty, quiet, Raining snow Turning under Vibrant Winds Xciting, yearly Zany Haiku A Japanese poem composed of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five morae, usually containing a season word. As the wind does blow Across the trees, I see the Buds blooming in May I walk across sand And find myself blistering In the hot, hot heat Falling to the ground, I watch a leaf settle down In a bed of brown.

23. Limerick A short sometimes vulgar, humorous poem consisting of five anapestic lines. Lines 1, 2, and 5 have seven to ten syllables, rhyme and have the same verbal rhythm. The 3rd and 4th lines have five to seven syllables, rhyme and have the same rhythm. There once was a man from Peru Who had a lot of growing up to do, He’d ring a doorbell, then run like hell, Until the owner shot him with a.22. - Anonymous There was a Young Lady whose chin Resembled the point of a pin: So she had it made sharp, And purchased a harp, And played several tunes with her chin. - Edward Lear

25. Name Poetry that tells about the word. It uses the letters of the word for the first letter of each line. Nicky by Marie Hughes Nicky is a Nurse It's her chosen career Children or Old folks Kindness in abundance Year after year

26. Shape Poetry written in the shape or form of an object. This is a type of concrete poetry.

27. Mood – the feeling the work conveys. How the reader is supposed to feel while reading. Tone – the author’s attitude toward the work. Tone gives shape and life to literature, because it is through tone that the attitude and mood of a work are created and presented. Tone gives voice to the characters, both literally and figuratively. Through tone, the reader is able to learn about a character's personality and disposition. However, the tone also shapes the work as a whole, and whether the piece should be read as a serious, funny, dramatic or upsetting.literaturecharacter's Both are made clear through the style of writing, word choice, rhythm, meter, etc. Mood and Tone

28. QUIZ “With only butterflies to brood, and bees to entertain… From “The Grass” by Emily Dickinson This is an example of - A.AlliterationC. Mood B.OnomatopoeiaD. Epithet

29. To Fanny John Keats (1795-1821)I cry your mercy–pity–love!–aye, love! Merciful love that tantalizes not, One-thoughted, never-wandering, guileless love, Unmasked, and being seen–without a blot! O! let me have thee whole,–all–all–be mine! That shape, that fairness, that sweet minor zest Of love, your kiss,–those hands, those eyes divine, That warm, white, lucent, million-pleasured breast,– Yourself–your soul–in pity give me all. Withhold no atom’s atom or I die, Or living on perhaps, your wretched thrall, Forget, in the mist of idle misery, Life’s purposes,–the palate of my mind Losing its gist, and my ambition blind! Which type of poem is this? A.Narrative poemC. Free verse B. Dramatic PoemD. Sonnet

30. Dying (aka I heard a fly buzz when I died ) by Emily Dickinson I heard a fly buzz when I died; The stillness round my form Was like the stillness in the air Between the heaves of storm. What type of poetry is this? A. dramatic B. blank verse C. free verseD. lyric

31. Song of Myself by Walt Whitman I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loaf and invite my soul, I lean and loaf at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. What type of poetry is this? A. dramatic B. ballad C. free verseD. lyric

32. The Mermaid by Author Unknown 'Twas Friday morn when we set sail, And we had not got far from land, When the Captain, he spied a lovely mermaid, With a comb and a glass in her hand. Chorus Oh the ocean waves may roll, And the stormy winds may blow, While we poor sailors go skipping aloft And the land lubbers lay down below, below, below And the land lubbers lay down below. Then up spoke the Captain of our gallant ship, And a jolly old Captain was he; "I have a wife in Salem town, But tonight a widow she will be." Chorus Then up spoke the Cook of our gallant ship, And a greasy old Cook was he; "I care more for my kettles and my pots, Than I do for the roaring of the sea." Chorus Then up spoke the Cabin-boy of our gallant ship, And a dirty little brat was he; "I have friends in Boston town That don't care a ha' penny for me." Chorus Then three times 'round went our gallant ship, And three times 'round went she, And the third time that she went 'round She sank to the bottom of the sea. Chorus What type of poetry is this? A. dramatic B. ballad C. epic poemD. lyric

33. What mood does this poem convey? A. relaxingB. melancholyC. serene D. Nostalgic The poem Nocturne by Eugene O Neill The sunset gun booms out in hollow roar Night breathes upon the waters of the bay The river lies, a symphony in grey, Melting in shadow on the further shore. A sullen coal barge tugs its anchor chain A shadow sinister, with one faint light Flickering wanly in the dim twilight, It lies upon the harbor like a stain. Silence. Then through the stillness rings The fretful echo of a seagull's scream, As if one cried who sees within a dream Deep rooted sorrow in the heart of things.