1. What it is and how it works

2. Canada 1961

3.  Consists of two back-to- back bar graphs  population plotted on the X-axis and age on the Y- axis, in five-year age groups (cohorts).  Males are shown on the left and females on the right  Measured by raw number or as a percentage of the total population. Canada 1961

4.  Where are you represented?  Males?  Females?  Oldest at top  Youngest?  Each age group called a “cohort”

5. Expansive  broad base  rapid rate of population growth  low proportion of older people.  A steady upwards narrowing shows that more people die at each higher age band.  This type of pyramid indicates a population in which there is a high birth rate, a high death rate and a short life expectancy.  LEDC’s for the most part

6. Stationary  narrow base and roughly equal numbers in each age group, narrowing at the older ages.  Scandinavian countries

7. Constrictive - a high proportion of aged persons and declining numbers of Births. - Germany, Italy

8.  Population Pyramids are useful for:  Used to find the number of economic dependents in a population.  Under 15 and over 65 (those who have the option of retirement)  Dependency ratio = % under 15 + % over 64 % 15-64  Used to observe natural increase, birth/mortality rates, breakdown by age range within a population