1. 5 mins To look over notes and plan Timed essay- 30 mins DISCUSS THE BIOSOCIAL APPROACH TO GENDER DEVELOPMENT. (8 +16 MARKS) You can use your plan but this will be the last time we are using plans for essays

2. Starter- Pair work Letters from Santa Which has been written by A Boy- Why? A Girl- Why? How does this support the evolutionary explanation of gender?

3. Empathising or systemising or neither? Which is which from examples of play 1.Sorting out toy cars into size order 2.Putting teddy bear to bed 3.Cleaning toy puppy’s teeth 4.Having imaginary conversations with toys 5.Organising crayons into colour 6.Mending engine on toy tractor 7.Learning to say please to get what you want 8.Offering everyone in the room chocolate biscuits

4. Watch the clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bm9xX yw2f7ghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bm9xX yw2f7g How does this support the evolutionary explanation of gender?

5. Empathising systemising theory Office of National Statistics (2008) How could this theory explain these stats?

6. Parental investment theory: Draw on whiteboards and fill in based on previous learning. Write down the differences in these between men and women and say how it links to evolutionary approach MaleFemale Parental care Mate selection Sexual jealousy

7. Males produce lots of sperms and can fertilise many females at little cost Males produce lots of sperms and can fertilise many females at little cost Females produce few large eggs once a month so they have only 300 opportunities to reproduce in their lifetime Females produce few large eggs once a month so they have only 300 opportunities to reproduce in their lifetime Males cannot be sure of paternity Best strategy to enhance the chances of reproducing their genes into the next generation is to have sex with as many fertile females as possible. Best strategy to enhance the chances of reproducing their genes into the next generation is to have sex with as many fertile females as possible. Physical aggressiveness to compete with other men Physical aggressiveness to compete with other men Best strategy to enhance the chances of reproducing their genes into the next generation Careful mate selection, monogamy, high parental investment Best strategy to enhance the chances of reproducing their genes into the next generation Careful mate selection, monogamy, high parental investment Females select males displaying genetic fitness. Like strength, status and resources Females select males displaying genetic fitness. Like strength, status and resources Mate choice: because reproduction makes different demands on men and women, they adopt different strategies to choose mates.

8. Mate Selection- Buss (1989) In most cultures “Good financial prospects”: was rated higher by females than males “Good looks” – All of the 37 samples showed that males rated “good looks” in their mate more than females did. “ Ambition and industriousness” In 34 of the 37 samples, females expressed a higher valuation for “ambition and industriousness” in a mate than did males. Buss’s findings support evolutionary explanations of human behaviour; specifically that mating behaviour should differ according to gender, reflecting the differences in reproductive capacities of males and females.

9. Homework For Wednesday Ground the research to the theory for the evolutionary approach

10. Evaluation IDA – Determinism or Nature vs Nurture You have 5 minutes, individually, in silence, to write down an IDA point on determinism for the evolutionary theory Use the IDA handout I have produced As a table group have a look at everyone’s work and use this to write one ‘perfect’ IDA paragraph on the big whiteboards. You have 10 minutes.

11. Potential wider evaluation points: 1.Do these theories explain cultural differences in child rearing? 2.What are the negative implications of these theories? 3.Can they explain individuals who do not behave in stereotypical ways? Discuss these points in your groups. Mindmap ideas Be prepared to feedback on these.

12. According to Taylor: our biological heritage is not destiny but rather a force that "influences and interacts with social, cultural, cognitive and emotional factors." Evaluation of the evolutionary explanation of gender Hypotheses are difficult or impossible to test adequately. Relies on post hoc interpretations of controversial evidence (i.e. skeletons of Neanderthals at least 30 000 years old) Evolutionary psychologists tend to assume that their own current cultural context represents a universal human nature. (Have gender roles changed over time? Are they the same in different cultures?) Deterministic It assumes that physical and psychological traits are predetermined and programmed while virtually ignoring non- genetic factors involved in human development. Even when evolutionary psychologists acknowledge the influence of the environment, they reduce its role to that of a trigger of the predetermined developmental instructions supposed to be encoded in a person's genes. Deterministic It assumes that physical and psychological traits are predetermined and programmed while virtually ignoring non- genetic factors involved in human development. Even when evolutionary psychologists acknowledge the influence of the environment, they reduce its role to that of a trigger of the predetermined developmental instructions supposed to be encoded in a person's genes. Reductionist: does not take into account moral values and free will.