1. Time Use Statistics Margarita F Guerrero UNESCAP Regional Adviser on Statistics Inter-regional Workshop on the Production of Gender Statistics 6-10 August 2007 New Delhi, India

2. 2 Elements of Time Use Data

3. 3 What is time-use data?  reference population  activity  where  with whom  for whom/purpose  time duration  number of episodes  context  for how long  how often  who  does what  during a day

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6. 6 Objectives of Data Collection  Measurement and analysis of quality of life or general well-being  Measurement and valuation of unpaid work  Improving estimates of all forms of work  Policy analysis

7. 7 Analyses of Time Use Data Allocation of time by activity and …  Individual characteristics: sex and …  Geographic areas (urban/rural)  Age group  Employment status  Poverty status  Household characteristics  of head of household  Household composition  Access to services

8. 8 Analysis by Activity Classes  Main activity  Which activity categories to use?  Simultaneous activity  Which pairs of activities to focus on?

9. 9 Design of Time Use Surveys: Basic Components

10. 10 Information From Time Use Surveys

11. 11 Decisions: Scope and Coverage  Describing activities  Classification of activities  Recording time and action  Position- point in time  Duration- length of time or period  Sequence- relative to other actions

12. 12 “Clock time” among Soussou of Guinea

13. 13 Issue: Simultaneous Activities  Unpaid work is often undertaken ‘together’ with other activities  Domestic work and domestic work  Domestic work and child care  Work and domestic work and child care  Work and media use

14. 14 Issue: Contextual Information  Who does what– where, with whom, for whom, paid?  Gives meaning to activities  Different context, different activity  Aids recall

15. Survey Instruments  Background questionnaires  Household  Individual  Time diary

16. 16 Pre-Coded or “Light” Time Diary

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18. 18 Stylized Questions

19. 19 … Stylized Questions

20. 20 24-hour Diary with Open Time Intervals Contextual Information

21. 21 24-hour Diary with Fixed Time Intervals Simultaneous Activities

22. 22 Type of Household Survey  Independent survey  Time-use module in multi-purpose survey  Time-use module in LSMS  “Rider” survey  Time-use questions in multi-purpose survey  Time-use in labour force survey

23. 23 Mode of Data Collection  Participant observation  Recall interview  Self-completed diary  Combinations

24. 24 Issues: Sample Design Sampling the population  Sampling of households  Sampling of household members  Who and how many? Sampling time  Hours in a day  Days in a week  Seasons in a year

25. 25 Sampling: Time Dimension

26. 26 Sampling: number of days per persons

27. Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics

28. 28 Need for a Classification Time-use data is all about people’s activities  Detailed comprehensive systematic listing  To be able to assess completeness of coverage  Guide the design of survey instruments and selection of methods  Interviewer’s guide for eliciting responses at the level of detail required for the survey objectives  Basis for developing coding rules

29. 29 “Choice” of Classification  Related to the objectives of data collection  Defines framework of analysis of time-use data

30. 30 Objectives & Classifications  Historical standard- non-economic activities  Multinational Comparative Time Budget Research Project  Improving measurement of ‘work’, especially women’s ‘work’ and unpaid work  National-- India, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, South Korea, Thailand …  International– Trial International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics (ICATUS)

31. 31 All Activities Economic/Production SNA- work Non-SNA work Non-economic Learning Socializing & Community Participation ‘Free’ time Mass Media Personal Care & Maintenance

32. 32 Basic Categories: SNA work 01- Work in the “formal sector” Work in household unincorporated enterprises 02- Primary production activities 03- Non-primary production activities 04- Construction activities 05- Providing services for income

33. 33 Basic Categories: Non-SNA Work 06- Providing unpaid domestic services for own final use 07- Providing unpaid care-giving services to household members 08- Providing community services and help to other households

34. 34 UN Approach to Time-Use Classifications  Improve measurement of SNA work  Household production of goods for own final use  Subsistence agriculture  Collecting firewood  Fetching water  Production of household unincorporated enterprises, including informal sector enterprise  Provide a basis for valuation of unpaid work  International comparability

35. Valuation of Unpaid Work Introduction

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38. 38 Valuation: Input Approach  Opportunity cost  based on the potential wage rate that the person would be earning in the market  Market replacement cost  based on the market compensation of the worker engaged in the same type of activity in household production of domestic and personal services for own consumption

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41. 41 OC1- disaggregated by age only OC2- disaggregated by age and education OC3- female wage rate=male wage rate

42. 42 In Summary  What is ‘time use data’?  How are statistics on time use analyzed and used?  How are data on time use collected and the what are the issues that need to be considered?  What is the ICATUS and what is its role in the collection and analysis of data on time use?