1. The 5 Paragraph Essay The five paragraph essay is the traditional structure because it is conducive to arguing a point concisely. The organization (introduction, three body paragraphs, conclusion) provides a framework within which students can construct their argument.

2. Introduction The Introduction consists of: An opening line that grabs the reader ’ s attention If you are writing about a particular book, author, or event, you should name it (in entirety) in the introduction (Only once). The thesis statement, which should come at the end of the Introductory Paragraph. An organizing statement

3. Body Paragraph The Body Paragraphs should open with a transitional sentence. It should lead the reader into the piece of evidence you use to support your thesis statement, your argument (essentially a mini-thesis for the paragraph). From the transitional/opening sentence, you can go on to cite evidence to support your argument. This evidence must all revolve around a single theme (too many different themes in one body paragraph becomes confusing

4. Body Paragraph You may have several pieces of evidence to support this one theme, which is fine. Once you use a piece of evidence, be sure and write at least one or two sentences explaining why you use it. Then, wrap up the Body Paragraph with a mini-concluding sentence summing up only what you have discussed in that paragraph. The body paragraphs should go in order from most important (or strongest) piece of evidence to least important (or weaker) piece of evidence.

5. General Tips Vary your sentence structure and vocabulary. While keeping your word choice varied, also make sure that you’ve chosen the best word for each sentence. Be careful with punctuation. Question marks and exclamation points should only be used when justified. Do not forget to include comas and periods when needed. Make sure that sentences are proper (watch for fragments, run-ons, coma splices, etc.) Always read your work after you’ve finished it. When you read, listen to how the sentences sound. Make sure to catch and correct any awkward phrasing. Never use first or second person.

6. Conclusion Your conclusion is your last chance to persuade your readers to your point of view, to impress yourself upon them as a writer and thinker. The impression you create in your conclusion will shape the impression that stays with your readers after they've finished the essay. The end of an essay should convey a sense of completeness and closure.

7. Conclusion To establish a sense of closure, you might do one or more of the following: Conclude by linking the last paragraph to the first, perhaps by reiterating a word or phrase you used at the beginning. Conclude with a sentence composed mainly of one-syllable words. Simple language can help create an effect of understated drama. Conclude with a sentence that's compound or parallel in structure; such sentences can establish a sense of balance or order that may feel just right at the end of a complex discussion.

8. Conclusion In your conclusion, include one or more of the following: A brief summary of the paper's main points. A quotation. Evoke a vivid image. Universalize (compare to other situations).

9. How Not to End an Essay Don't simply summarize your essay. A brief summary of your argument may be useful, especially if your essay is long. However, your conclusion needs more than just summary. Avoid phrases like "in conclusion," "to conclude," "in summary," and "to sum up." They can be useful in oral presentations, but readers can see when an essay is about to end. Don’t’ state the obvious. Do not apologize. Don't undercut your authority by saying things like, "this is just one approach to the subject; there may be other, better approaches", "I may not be an expert", or "At least this is my opinion."

10. How Not to End an Essay Avoid ending with a rephrased thesis statement that contains no substantive changes. Don’t introduce a new idea or subtopic. Don’t focus on a minor point in the essay. Avoid concluding with a sentence tacked on to your final point. Never attempt to make up for an incomplete structure. (If you say you will discuss four books, attempt a complete discussion of two books, do not try to cover the remaining texts in a concluding paragraph. In such a situation, it's best to limit your paper to topics you can realistically cover.)