1. Supreme Court Cases The Supreme Court came about with the Judiciary Act of 1789, which established the federal court system in the United States.

2. Plessy vs. Ferguson: 1896  Supreme Court stated there was no discrimination  Legalized segregation in the U.S.  “Separate but equal” facilities

4. Essential Question  What effects did the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson have on the lives of African Americans?

5. Brown vs. Board of Education: 1954  Linda Brown; age 7  Sued the school board (Topeka, KS): deprived of equal protection of the law  14 th Amendment was violated  Ended what? school segregation

6. EQ:  How is the Brown case different from the Plessy case?

7. Question: write this on the back of your notes What power is given to the US Supreme Court that can over rule Congress or the President if they contradict (go against) the Constitution? Judicial Review

8. Marbury vs. Madison

9. Marbury vs. Madison: 1803  Marbury’s job: justice of the peace  President Jefferson fired Marbury  Significance: 1 st time Supreme Court declared an act of Congress/President unconstitutional ***Unconstitutional: illegal; not allowed by the Constitution

10. Gideon vs. Wainright: 1963  Violated 14 th Amendment: States cannot deprive you of life, liberty, or property without due process of law  6 th Amendment: right to an attorney and a fair trial  Writ of Habeas Corpus: brought to court and give reason why you were arrested  Outcome: State has to provide a lawyer if you can’t afford one

11. Miranda vs. Arizona: 1966  Violated 5 th Amendment: right against self – incrimination  Changed interrogation process: police may not ask questions unless a lawyer is present  Miranda Rights: o You have the right to remain silent…

12. 5 th Amendment (pg. 85) 1.2.3.4. 5. Eminent Domain How does the 5 th Amendment apply to the Gideon and Miranda cases?

13. Breakdown of 5 th Amendment No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb Shall NOT be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself

14. USA government cannot deprive life, liberty, or property, without due process of law No private property can be taken for public use, without just compensation *** The Framers derived the Grand Juries Clause and the Due Process Clause from the Magna Carta, dating back to 1215.

15. Essential Question  How does the 5 th Amendment apply to the Gideon and Miranda cases? Government may not deprive a person of life, liberty, and property without due process of law… “the government must follow proper constitutional procedures in trial and in other actions it takes against individuals.” (pg. 86)

16. Korematsu vs. USA: 1944  Executive Order #9066 (1942): sent Japanese Americans to live on Internment Camps  Violates 5 th Amendment: U.S. Government cannot deny any person “life, liberty, or property” without due process of law  Outcome: Korematsu lost the case

17. EQ:  How were Japanese Americans’ natural rights being violated with the Executive Order #9066?

19. Fred Korematsu