1. Ecosystem Considerations in Fisheries Management Linking Ecosystem-Based Management Goals with Ecosystem Research

2. New Since September –Updated 27 contributions –Noted last update on all contributions –Website: Will be updated Will be on internet by the end of Nov. Full report and Individual contributions Data http://access.afsc.noaa.gov/REFM/REEM/index.cfm

3. Organization Ecosystem Assessment Ecosystem Status Indicators Ecosystem-Based Mngt Indices http://access.afsc.noaa.gov/REFM/REEM/index.cfm

4. 19841987199019931996 199920012003 2005 -2 0 1 Mean Residual Depth <50 OCEAN - GOA Bottom Temperatures (Martin)

5. OCEAN - Bering Sea Temperature (Lauth)

6. HABITAT- Effects of fishing on seafloor habitat (Heifetz et al.) Project Title Project Description LocationSpecies Investigated Habitat Investigated Application to Mngt Field/Lab Study Contact Submer- sible eval. of E. GOA corals Determine distribution of Primnoa coral at pending and potential HAPC sites and study coral habitat ecology. Eastern Gulf of Alaska Corals, sponges, associated FMP species Hard-bottom coral HAPC delineation, defining EFH, evaluation of gear impacts FieldBob Stone (ABL)

7. GOA Western Central Eastern EBS CPUE (kg/km 2 ) 0 400 800 19841989199419992004 0 400 800 19841989199419992004 0 400 800 19841989199419992004 0 10 20 30 1982198419861988199019921994199619982000200220042006 FORAGE- Eulachon (Martin, Lauth)

8. HERRING- PWS (Moffitt)

9. GROUNDFISH- EBS Winter spawning flatfish (Ingraham and Wilderbuer )

10. BENTHIC- ADFG GOA Large-mesh survey (Urban)

11. BENTHIC- EBS Crabs (Otto)

12. GOA Western Central Eastern EBS CPUE (kg/km 2 ) MISCELLANEOUS Jellyfish (Martin, Lauth) 0 100 200 300 400 500 19841989199419992004 0 100 200 300 400 500 19841989199419992004 0 100 200 300 400 500 1984198919941999 2004 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 19821984198619881990199219941996199820002002 2004 2006 Biomass (t)

13. Biomass (1,000's of metric tons) 050100150200250 1000-1200 800-1000 600-800 400-600 200-400 Giant Pacific Popeye 2004 Bering Sea Trawl Survey 050100150200250 700-1000 500-700 300-500 200-300 100-200 Depth stratum (m) 2005 Gulf of Alaska Trawl Survey Highest catch weight for GOA non-target species Potentially sensitive life history (live 50-75 yrs) Small exploratory giant grenadier fishery effort in 2005 Potential fishery value for less common, deeper sp. Important component of deep sea ecosystem (?) MISCELLANEOUS - Grenadiers (Clausen and Gaichas)

14. Percent Pre-anal Fin Length (cm) EBS Grenadier population size composition (longline surveys)

15. Ecosystem Mngt Info. – Area closures (Coon)

16. Ecosystem Mngt Info. – Hook and Line effort (Coon)

17. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 1990199219941996199820002002 2004 Observed Bottom Trawl duration (24 hour days) GOA AI BS Ecosystem Mngt Info. – Bottom trawl effort (Coon)

19. Ecosystem Mngt Info. – Bottom trawl effort anomalies (Coon)

20. Executive Summary CLIMATE –North Pacific in uncertain state –BS continues to warm, less sea ice and earlier retreat –GOA bottom temps in shallow areas continue to increase BIOLOGY –BS summer zooplankton biomass: low 2000-2004 –BS jellyfish biomass: low 2000-2004 –Warming trend may affect flatfish distribution –Climate change may affect GOA community –Most seabirds show no discernable population trend –2002 seabird breeding chronology was early –2004 N. fur seal pups born continued to decline –2004 non-pup Steller sea lion counts increased in most areas –ASP in BS and GOA decreased from 1978-2004 FISHERY EFFECTS –2003 and 2004 increases in herring and other salmon bycatch –2003 seabird bycatch rate increased

21. October Council Meetings –Presented to SSC, AP, and Council –SSC Comments: Commend all contributors Label when contributions were updated Further development of executive summary Link stock assessment results with updates to the ecosystem assessment and Incorporate climate information into stock assessments and the ecosystem assessment.

22. Next Year –One full update; one partial update –Update website http://access.afsc.noaa.gov/REFM/REEM/index.cfm

23. Slides from Sept 2005 presentations

24. http://intra.afsc.noaa.gov/reem/index.cfm Website: Geoff Lang

33. Website Updates Data and contributions last updated in spring Next update: late fall, after final draft Internet in fall http://intra.afsc.noaa.gov/reem/index.cfm

34. Organization Ecosystem Assessment Ecosystem Status Indicators Ecosystem-Based Mngt Indices

35. Objectives for Ecosystem Protection:  Maintain predator-prey relationships  pelagic forage availability  spatial/temporal conc. of fishery impact on forage fish  removals of top predators  introduction of non-native species  Maintain diversity  species diversity  functional (trophic, structural habitat) diversity  genetic diversity  Maintain energy flow and balance  human-induced energy redirection  system impacts attributable to energy removal CLIMATE and FISHING

36. CLIMATE (Rodionov et al.)

37. 1972-76 1977-81 SLP SST SLP SST SLP (Rodionov et al.)

38. 1989-97 1998-04 CLIMATE 500 hPa height- anomaly (Rodionov et al.)

39. OCEAN – North Pacific (Rodionov et al.)

41. OCEAN - Bering Sea Temperature (Rodionov et al.)

42. OCEAN - Bering Sea Ice (Rodionov et al.) 19551960196519701975198019851990199520002005 -2 0 1 2 S t d 0 20 40 60 80 D a y s a f t e r M a r c h 1 5 a) Ice cover index b) Ice retreat index

43. OCEAN - Bering Sea (Eisner et al.)

45. BIOLOGY -Bering Sea (Napp and Shiga)

46. 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 198019821984 198619881990199219941996 19982000 20022004 Biomass (t) BIOLOGY -Bering Sea Jellyfish (Walters)

47. 1985199019952000 -2 0 1 2 3 4 Arrowtooth flounder 1985199019952000 -2 0 1 2 3 4 Pacific halibut 1985199019952000 -2 0 1 2 3 4 Southern rocksole 1985199019952000 -2 0 1 2 3 4 Northern rocksole 1985199019952000 -2 0 1 2 3 4 Northern lampfish Biological Response to Climate –Ichthyoplankton (Doyle et al.)

48. -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 Jellyfish ATF Pollock FHS Sculpins Red K.crab P. sandfish Sidestr. shrimp Humpy shrimp Coonstr. shrimp Capelin N. pink shrimp Spearman r Biological Response to Climate- GOA Small Mesh Survey (Litzow)

49. POLLOCK -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 COD -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 GT -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 ATF -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 ROCK SOLE -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 NORTHERNS -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 YFS -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 19601966 1972197819841990 1996 2002 FH SOLE -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 19601966197219781984199019962002 POP -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 1960196619721978198419901996 2002 AI ATKA -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 19601966197219781984199019962002 1976/77 shift 1988/89 shift Other shift AK PLAICE -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 19601966 1972197819841990 1996 2002 R/S Anomalies B.Sea Biological Response to Climate

50. Biological Response to Climate Flatfish Distribution- (Spencer)

51. ECOSYSTEM INDICATORS – Combined Std. Indices of Recruitment and Survival (Mueter)

52. ECOSYSTEM INDICATORS – Species richness and diversity (Mueter) GOA BSAI

53. ECOSYSTEM-BASED MNGT – ASP (Mueter)

54. BIOLOGY – Marine Mammals (Sinclair and Testa) Steller Sea Lions – Non-pup counts

55. BIOLOGY – Seabirds (Fitzgerald et al.) Seabird Breeding Chronology 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 >3days earlier than average =within 3days of average >3 days later than average Frequency N.BS/Chuk. SE BS SW BS GOA SEAK Seabird Population Trends 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Negative trend No discernable trend Positive trend Frequency N.BS/Chuk. SE BS SW BS GOA SEAK Seabird Productivity Levels 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 >20% below average Within 20% of average >20% above average Frequency N.BS/Chuk. SE BS SW BS GOA SEAK

56. BSAI Fishing Effort (in 1,000's of hooks) GOA 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 19931994199519961997199819992000200120022003 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 Bycatch Rate (per 1,000 hooks) 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.2 EffortBycatch Rate ECOSYSTEM-BASED MNGT Seabird Bycatch (Fitzgerald et al.)

57. ECOSYSTEM-BASED MNGT Prohibited Catch (Hiatt and Terry) 0 5000 10000 15000 No. of crab (1000s) BAIRDI CRAB OTHER TANNER CRAB 0 100 200 300 400 No. fish (1000s) CHINOOK SALMON OTHER SALMON 0 100 200 300 1994 19951996 19971998199920002001200220032004 No. of crab (1000s) RED KING CRAB OTHER KING CRAB 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 19941995199619971998 199920002001200220032004 Metric tons HALIBUT MORTALITY HERRING BYCATCH

58. ECOSYSTEM-BASED MNGT Discards (Hiatt and Terry)

59. ECOSYSTEM-BASED MNGT Fleet Composition (Felthoven and Gharrett) 0 100 200 300 19941995199619971998199920002001200220032004 TrawlPot 0 500 1000 1500 Number of vessels Hook and LineAll Vessels

60. Executive Summary CLIMATE –North Pacific in uncertain state –BS continues to warm, less sea ice and earlier retreat BIOLOGY –BS summer zooplankton biomass: low 2000-2004 –BS jellyfish biomass: low 2000-2004 –Warming trend may affect flatfish distribution –Climate change may affect GOA community –Most seabirds show no discernable population trend –2002 seabird breeding chronology was early –2004 N. fur seal pups born continued to decline –2004 non-pup Steller sea lion counts increased in most areas –ASP in BS and GOA decreased from 1978-2004 FISHERY EFFECTS –2003 and 2004 increases in herring and other salmon bycatch –2003 seabird bycatch rate increased

61. DATA GAPS & RESEARCH NEEDS Lower trophic levels – indicators of bottom- up effects of climate Introduction of non-native species Spatial and temporal concentration of fishing removals Species-level catch estimates for some nontarget species (eg. eelpouts)

62. FUTURE Timing of Ecosystem Considerations Include model projections in assessment including climate scenarios and suites mngt. alternatives Bring lower trophic level models into assessment

63. Contributors Paul J. Anderson, Kerim Aydin, Shannon Bartkiw, Harold P. Batchelder, Jennifer Boldt, N. Bond, Eric Brown, Alexander S. Bychkov, David Carlile, Amy R. Childers, David M. Clausen, Cathy Coon, Dean Courtney, William R. Crawford, C. Braxton Dew, Miriam Doyle, Don Dragoo, Sherri Dressel, Doug Eggers, Lisa Eisner, Lowell Fair, Ed Farley, Ron Felthoven, Shannon Fitzgerald, Jeffrey Fujioka, Sarah Gaichas, Jessica Gharrett, John J. Goering, Gary Greene, C.E. Grosch, Steven Hare, Patricia Harris, Kyle Hebert, Jon Heifetz, Jack Helle, Terry Hiatt, Nicola Hillgruber, Gerald R. Hoff, Anne B. Hollowed, James Ianelli, Jim Ingraham, Jesús Jurado-Molina, Suam Kim, Jacquelynne R. King, Tom Kline, K V. Koski, Kathy Kuletz, Carol Ladd, Victor Lapko, Bob Lauth, Heather Lazrus, Mike Litzow, Patricia Livingston, Mitch Lorenz, Alec D. MacCall, David L. Mackas, S. Allen Macklin, Nathan Mantua, Michael Martin, Robert A. McConnaughey, Scott McEntire, Gordon A. McFarlane, Skip McKinnel, Angela Middleton, Kathryn Mier, Steve Moffitt, Franz Mueter, Jim Murphy, Jeff Napp, Ivonne Ortiz, Bob Otto, James E. Overland, Julie Pearce, Mike Perez, R. Ian Perry, Susan Picquelle, Jeffery J. Polovina, Marc Pritchett, Jennifer Reynolds, TaeKeun Rho, D. Righi, Kim Rivera, S. Rodionov, Chris Rooper, T.C. Royer, S. Salo, N. Sarkar, Jake Schweigert, Franklin B. Schwing, Naonobu Shiga, Kalei Shotwell, E. Sinclair, Paul Spencer, Mick Spillane, Phyllis Stabeno, Dean A. Stockwell, Robert Stone, Allan W. Stoner, Stephen Syrjala, Qi-Sheng Tang, Joe Terry, J.W. Testa, Jack Turnock, Dan Urban,Gary Walters, Fred West, Terry E. Whitledge, Tom Wilderbuer, Doug Woodby, Akihiko Yatsu, Cynthia Yeung, Harold Zenger, Jin-Ping Zhao, Jie Zheng, and Mark Zimmermann.