1. Interrupters If in red write what it said.

2. Four Types of Interrupters Appositives An appositive is a noun that renames another noun right beside it.noun Appositive Phrases An appositive phrase is a group of words that rename or describe another noun right beside it. Direct address A direct address is the name of the person (normally) who is being directly spoken to. It is always a proper noun. It does not have any grammatical relationship to any part of the sentence. It is set off by commas. Parenthetical expression A parenthetical expression is simply a word or string of words which contains relevant yet non- essential information.

3. Interrupters Use commas to set off an expression that interrupts a sentence, unless it is necessary to the meaning of the sentence. An appositive is a noun or pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or describe it.

4. Use commas to set off nonessential appositives and nonessential appositive phrases A senator from Kanas, Nancy Landon Kassenbaum, was the principal speaker. (appositive) Do you know him, the boy wearing the blue shirt? (appositive phrase)

5. Use commas to set off words used in direct address. David, please close the door. Did you call me, Mother? Yes, Mr. Ramos, I turned in my paper.

6. Use commas to set off parenthetical expression Common Parenthetical Expressions: in fact, after all, however, on the other hand, generally speaking, for example, of course, I believe. In fact, Emily Dickinson is my favorite poet. You are, I hope, planning to arrive on time.

7. Quick Review Appositives Appositive Phrases Direct address Parenthetical expression

8. Correct. Which rule? 1. Your suggestion I believe is a good one. 2. Blondin a Frenchman walked the tightrope across Niagara Falls in 1859. 3. Jane Goodall the famous ethologist will address the group. 4. Randall could you help me up? 5. Your friend Bill is in trouble.

9. Correct. Which rule? 1. Your suggestion, I believe, is a good one. (parenthetical expression) 2. Blondin, a Frenchman, walked the tightrope across Niagara Falls in 1859.(appositive) 3. Jane Goodall, the famous ethologist, will address the group. (appositive phrase) 4. Randall, could you help me up? (direct address) 5. Your friend Bill is in trouble. (Appositive)

10. What’s the difference between the two? My friend James helped me. James help me with this question. That nice young man James helped me carry my luggage. Punctuate correctly. Be prepared to explain. Emily Bronte not her sister Charlotte wrote Wuthering Heights.

11. This work speaks however to more than a single culture. Did you know Amy that our class of course is in the lead.

12. Speaking of movies Tara have you seen Hancock? My oldest sister Carol lives in Nashville.

13. Review 1. An appositive is a noun (or pronoun) placed next to another noun and renames the person or thing named by that noun. 2. An appositive is set off from the rest of the sentence with commas. 3. The appositive can be a single word or a phrase. 4. An appositive will explain, identify or describe the thing to which it is referring.

14. Review Continued 5. An appositive may be compound. 6. The appositive is used primarily to get rid of unnecessary words. 7. Appositives can be confused with complements. 8. A noun in direct address is used when speaking directly to someone. 9. A noun in direct address is set off from the rest of the sentence by commas.

15. Review Continued 10. A noun in direct address is usually left unmarked unless it is identified as a part of speech. 11. Parenthetical phrases are often used for thought interruptions. 12. In a parenthetical phrase, information that is unnecessary to the meaning of the sentence must be set off and enclosed by commas. 13. In a parenthetical phrase, if the information is necessary, no commas should be used.