1. Fascism Rises in Europe/Invade Other Nations (Chapter 15, Sec. 3 & 4)

2. Italy’s People Lost Faith in Democracy/ Turned to Mussolini Italian citizens were bitter over Paris Peace Conference, inflation, & high unemployment They blamed their democratic government (Mussolini promised strong leadership) Mussolini founded the Fascist Party (1919) & gained support of industrial leaders He was appointed leader (IL Duce) of the state by King Emmanuel III He outlawed strikes & opposition to the Fascist Party (never gained total control)

3. Germany invaded Poland in September of 1939

4. Hitler and the Nazis Rose to Power in Germany Hitler joined Nazis in 1919 & became leader (der Fuhrer) In 1923, he was arrested in a failed overthrow of the German government (Mein Kampf) When depression halted economic recovery, Germany turned to Hitler (Nazis) for leadership He was named chancellor (head of state) in 1933 and used his power to create a totalitarian state Banned all opposition, his SS unleashed reign of terror, & he turned Germany against the Jews

6. Japan Built an Empire / Italy Expanded Its Border Japan’s military took control of government (Emperor Hirohito head of state / figurehead) Leaders felt foreign expansion (imperialism) was needed to solve their economic problems Japan took over Manchurian Province in 1931 (left League of Nations) / invaded China in 1937 Italy invaded Ethiopia (Africa) in 1935 (League of Nations took no action) & took control of Albania

7. Japan took control over much of Southeast Asia

8. Germany Takes Back Land Lost in Treaty Germany retook the Rhineland (industrial area between Germany & France) In late 1936, Germany, Italy, and Japan formed the Axis Powers (alliance) Britain, France, and League of Nations kept peace by giving in to Germany (appeasement) Hitler annexed Austria & took Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia (Munich Conference, 1938) Hitler took Czechoslovakia, prepared to attack Poland, signed nonaggression pact with Russia (1939)