1. The Evolution of Evolution

2. Consider…  10:30 pm on December 31: the first human-like animals emerge  Modern-looking humans have only been around for 100,000 years

3. Evolution  Pre-Darwin  Plato and Aristotle  Carolus Linnaeus (1717-1778)

4. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)  Continual adjustment  Ideas were flawed

5. Lamarck vs. Darwin

6. Georges Cuvier (1769- 1832)  Catastrophism  i.e., Noah ’ s flood

7. Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875)  Geological change was slow and continual, not due to catastrophes  uniformitarianism  Corresponded with Darwin

8. Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)  Reached similar conclusions as Darwin

9. Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

10. The Voyage of the HMS Beagle 1831-1836 Galapagos Islands

11. The Principles of Natural Selection According to Darwin 1. Variation  The essential underlying feature of evolution  Random mutations create a variety of individuals, some of whom are better suited to the environment

12. The Principles of Natural Selection According to Darwin 2. Heritability  Offspring inherit characteristics from their parents

13. The Principles of Natural Selection According to Darwin 3. Differential Reproductive Success  “Natural Selection”  Those who inherit favorable characteristics will thrive  Those who do not will die out

14. British Moths and Kettlewell ’ s Experiment

15. Directional vs. Normalizing Selection  Directional: adaptation toward an adaptive change  i.e., the peppered moth  Normalizing: adaptation against extremes  i.e., birth weight

16. Evolution After Darwin  “Punctuated Equilibrium”  Stephen Jay Gould  The mapping of the human genome has changed everything  Genetic mutation is not the only element of change  “ Switch ” Genes