1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 4, part 4 The Tissue Level of Organization

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 4-6 Muscle Tissue

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Specialized for contraction Three types Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Muscle tissue

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.19 Muscle Tissue Figure 4.19a

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.19 Muscle Tissue Figure 4.19b

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.19 Muscle Tissue Figure 4.19c

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cells are multinucleate Striated voluntary muscle Divides via satellite cells Skeletal muscle

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cardiocytes occur only in the heart Striated involuntary muscle Relies on pacemaker cells for regular contraction Cardiac muscle

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Non-striated involuntary muscle Can divide and regenerate Smooth muscle tissue

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 4-7 Neural Tissue

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Conducts electrical impulses Conveys information from one area to another Neural tissue

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Neurons Transmit information Neuroglia Support neural tissue Help supply nutrients to neurons Neural tissue cells

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.20 Neural Tissue Figure 4.20

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell body Dendrites Axon (nerve fiber) Carries information to other neurons Neural anatomy

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 4-8 Tissue Injuries and Aging

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Injured tissues respond in coordinated fashion Homeostasis restored by inflammation and regeneration Inflammation and regeneration

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Isolates injured area Damaged cells, tissue components and dangerous microorganisms removed Infection avoided Regeneration restores normal function Inflammatory response

18. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.21 An Introduction to Inflammation Figure 4.21

19. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Change with age Repair and maintenance less efficient Structure altered Chemical composition altered Aging and tissue repair

20. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Aging and cancer incidence Incidence of cancer increases with age 70-80% of all cases due to exposure to chemicals or environmental factors

21. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.22 Changes in a Tissue under Stress Figure 4.22

22. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings You should now be familiar with: The four major tissue types and their functions. The relationship between form and function for each tissue type. The types and functions of epithelial tissues. The structure and function of connective tissues. The structure and function of the four types of membrane. The three types of muscle tissue and the structural features of each. The basic structure and role of neural tissue.