1. The Human Body: An Orientation
PART 2
The Human Body: An Orientation

2. Dorsal hollow nerve cord Notochord and vertebrae Segmentation
The Human Body Plan
Tube-within-a-tube
Bilateral symmetry
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Notochord and vertebrae
Segmentation
Pharyngeal pouches (gills!)
Post-anal tail (at some point in development)
Characteristics common to all vertebrates
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3. Basic Human Body Plan and Structures Shared with all Vertebrates
Figure 1.8a
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4. Basic Human Body Plan and Structures Shared with all Vertebrates
Figure 1.8b
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5. Basic Human Body Plan and Structures Shared with all Vertebrates
Figure 1.8c
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6. Body Cavities and Membranes
Dorsal body cavity
Cranial cavity
Vertebral cavity
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7. Body Cavities and Membranes
Ventral body cavity
Thoracic cavity – divided into three parts
Two lateral parts each containing a lung surrounded by a pleural cavity
Mediastinum – contains the heart surrounded by the pericardial sac
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8. Body Cavities and Membranes
Ventral cavity (continued)
Abdominopelvic cavity – divided into two parts
Abdominal cavity – contains the liver, stomach, kidneys, and other organs
Pelvic cavity – contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum
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9. Body Cavities and Membranes
Figure 1.9a
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10. Body Cavities and Membranes
Figure 1.9b
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11. Body Cavities and Membranes
Serous cavities – a slit-like space lined by a serous membrane
Pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum
Parietal serosa – outer wall of the cavity
Visceral serosa covers the visceral organs
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12. Body Cavities and Membranes
Figure 1.10a, b
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13. Body Cavities and Membranes
Figure 1.10c
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14. Body Cavities and Membranes
Figure 1.10d
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15. Body Cavities and Membranes
Other cavities
Oral cavity
Nasal cavity
Orbital cavities
Middle ear cavities
Synovial cavities
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16. Other Body Cavities Figure 1.11
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