1. Intellectual Development
What exactly is it?

2. What is cognitive development?
Refers to how a person:
Perceives things
Thinks and gains understanding of his world through the interaction of genetics and learned factors (environment)

3. Learning in the First Year
Newborns can hear, see, taste, smell and feel.
Babies’ ability to learn from the senses is called perception.
They use these abilities as the building blocks of learning.

4. Abilities
In the first year babies develop four abilities that show growing and thinking power
Remembering
A two- or three- month old baby may stop crying when someone enters the room because the baby know that he or she is now likely to be picked up an comforted.
Making Associations
The baby crying example also explains associations because the baby associates stopping crying with receiving comfort

5. Abilities Understanding cause and effect Paying Attention
Idea that one actions results in another action or condition. Every time an infant does something, something else happens. Example: closes eyes  gets dark, opens eyes  gets light, pull string on toy  makes a noise.
Paying Attention
A baby’s ability to concentrate on a task without getting bored grows stronger

6. Developmental Changes Chart
Age
1-2 months
3-4 months
5-6 months
7-8 months
9-10 months
11-12 months

7. Jean Piaget
A child psychologist who studies how children solve problems. He found:
Children use different kinds of though processes as they grow
The processes always occur in the same order but may vary in length or overlap
He divided the different levels of cognitive development into 4 stages

8. Piaget Four Stages Sensorimotor 0-2 yrs Preoperational 2-7 yrs
Concrete Operations 7-11
Formal Operations 11 into adulthood

9. 1. Sensorimotor
Ages 0-2
Children explore and learn about their world using their senses
Children are figuring out new ways to use objects
Toward the end of this stage children learn that objects exist even when they are out of site, this is called object permanence. (they can even find partially hidden objects)

10. Find the mouse …

12. 1. Sensorimotor
Children also may become egocentric as they reach the end of this stage.
Egocentrism

13. 2. Preoperational
Age 2-7
Children start to take an interest in the world around them but still think the world revolves around them (“look at me” “look what I did”)
Children develop language and want to learn the names and functions of objects.
Once they think they have figured something out they have difficulty forming a new conclusion if new evidence is presented. This is called cognitive dissonance.

14. Trick Questions …
Some months have 31 days but others have 30. How many months have 28 days?

15. 2. Preoperational Children in this stage learn:
Classification: sorting or arranging items by common trait (color or shape)
Seriation: arranging items according to size or number

16. 2. Preoperational
Children in this stage can pretend, fantasize and think symbolically.

17. 3. Concrete Operations Ages 7-11
Operations means: making something carry out it’s function
Concrete means: able to see and touch because it is real

18. 3. Concrete Operations
Children can think about actions without actually doing them.

19. Concrete Operations
Children can do mental operations such as relating objects in different ways and they understand that objects keep the same weight, area and amount when they are moved.
Piaget called this conservation.

21. Conservation
Conservation

22. 3. Concrete Operations
Children in this stage have the ability to think about how an object was before they used it.
Piaget called this reversibility.

23. Reversibility
Reversibility

24. 4. Formal Operations Ages 12 – adulthood
In this stage, abstract and hypothetical thinking can occur without the help of real objects.
Abstract questions are understood and can be discussed.
Example “What is Love?”

25. 4. Formal Operations
Predicting consequences and the use of reasoning and creativity to solve problems also occurs during this stage.
Deductive Reasoning
Piaget believed some people never reach this stage at all.

26. Intellectual Development
Sensorimotor Stage

27. Sensorimotor Stage Infant Scientist!
In this stage children learn about the world through their senses and body movements
This stage is broken up into 6 different steps

28. Sensorimotor Stage Stage 1: Birth – 1 month Practices inborn reflexes
Does not understand self as a separate person

29. Sensorimotor Stage Stage 2: 1 - 4 months Combines two or more reflexes
Develops hand-mouth coordination

30. Sensorimotor Stage Stage 3: 4 - 8 months
Acts intentionally to produce results (drops something on the ground to see what will happen)
Improves hand-eye coordination

31. Sensorimotor Stage Stage 4: 8 – 12 months Begins to solve problems
Can find partially hidden objects
Imitates others

32. Sensorimotor Stage Stage 5: 12 – 18 months
Can find totally hidden objects
Explores and experiments
Understands that objects exist independently

33. Sensorimotor Stage Stage 6: 18 – 24 months
Solves problems by thinking through sequences
Can think using symbols
Begins imaginative thinking

34. Talking on a Banana
Imaginative thinking