1. The Five Kingdoms 5.5a-d The student will investigate and understand that organisms are made of cells and have distinguishing characteristics.

2. Biologist today have classified and divided all living things into five groups they call kingdoms. These kingdoms are based on how living things are the same and how they are different. It is important that you understand, that biologist are still learning about our world, and are making new discoveries every single day. As our knowledge about the world around us improves, scientists might find a better way to organize and classify life. As a result, these five kingdoms may someday change.

3. The first classification system was developed 2,500 years ago by a Greek philosopher named Aristotle included only two groups, Plants and Animals. He further placed animals into three groups, those that fly, those that walk, and those that swim.

4. The five kingdoms currently accepted by most (but not all) scientists are the Moneran Kingdom, the Protist Kingdom, the Fungi Kingdom, the Plant Kingdom, and the Animal Kingdom.

5. The Moneran Kingdom consists of single cell life forms. Moneran cells are far simpler and more basic than the cells of other life forms. These cells have no nucleus, and are also missing many of the organelles, or parts, commonly found in other cells. For this reason, Monerans are thought to be very distantly related to other life forms. Moneran Kingdom

6. Bacteria are commonly placed in the Moneran Kingdom. Monerans are considered by many scientists to be the oldest life forms on Earth, and the ancestors of all the other types of life that have since evolved.

7. The Protista Kingdom consists of unicellular life forms (life forms with only one cell) who have a nucleus. The primary difference between protists and monerans is that protists are more complex, having a nucleus. Protista Kingdom

8. Many protists appear to be both plant and animal. Like plants, they are green, and can create their own food. However, like animals, they have moving body parts, and are able to move around their environments.

9. The Fungi Kingdom is made up of a variety of different funguses. For many years, it was believed that fungi were plants. Today we know that fungi are different from plants in some very important ways. Fungi Kingdom

10. Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food. They must rely on other food sources to support them. One common type of fungi are the mushrooms you find on your pizza. Other fungi include microscopic fungus, truffles, and more.

11. The Plantae Kingdom is made up of all the plants that you see each day. Most plants are multi-cellular, meaning that they consist of many cells. Different types of plants include trees, grass, flowers, and some types of algae. Plantae Kingdom

12. Plants use the light from the sun to produce their own food. This allows them to grow almost anywhere, as long as there is enough water. This process is called photosynthesis.

13. Plants get their green color from the chlorophyll which is found inside of their cells. Plants use chlorophyll to collect energy from the light of the Sun. They then use this energy to create food. In this process, they create the food we eat, and the oxygen we need to breath. Plants are very important to the life of almost every other living thing.

15. Like many other life forms, animals are multi-cellular. These cells come together, forming tissues, organs, and organ systems, that help sustain the life of the animal. From elephants to snails, animals come in many shapes and sizes, and can be found all over the world. Animal Kingdom

16. Animals cannot make their own food. They must rely on other living things, such as plants, fungi, and other animals to sustain them. Without other food sources, animals could not survive.

17. There are more species of animals, then in all the other kingdoms combined. From worms, to blue whales, to bald eagles, animals have evolved to fit a wide variety of niches.