1. The Endocrine System

2. The Endocrine System Consists of:
Glands: Tissue that secretes hormones
Hormones: Chemicals that are produced in ductless glands in one area and are sent to a specifically targeted area

3. Hypothalamus,
Pituitary Gland
& Pineal Gland
Thyroid &
Parathyroid
Glands
Thymus Gland
Adrenal
Glands
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

5. What does the endocrine system do?
Regulate processes  i.e. growth, development, reproduction
Coordinate production, use, storage of ATP (energy)
Maintain homeostasis- nutrition, metabolism, excretion, salt/water balance
React to stimuli from outside body
Send chemical messages to cells (specific target on cell’s membrane)
Responds more slowly to stimuli than the nervous system

6. How do hormones work within the body?
Feedback mechanisms- body’s response to hormones
Positive Feedback
Increase desired response
Increase in hormone 1  an increase in hormone 2
Negative Feedback
Reduce desired response
Increase in hormone 1  decrease in hormone 2

7. Review of Protein Receptors

8. How do steroid hormones work at the cellular level?
Gland releases hormone into the blood
Receptor in target cell recognizes hormone
Proteins in between and activates enzymes
Secondary messengers
Enters nucleus

9. Malfunctions
Hypersecretion- positive feedback  more hormone than normal produced
Hyposecretion- negative feedback  less hormone than normal being produced

10. Malfunctions Goiter Diabetes Enlargement of thyroid gland
Iodine deficiency
Diabetes
Islets of Langerhans- region of pancreas that contains insulin- producing cells (beta cells)
These cells are destroyed  reduction in insulin  higher glucose levels in blood

11. Malfunctions Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism
Less thyroid hormone produced by thyroid
Fatigue
Depression
Weight gain/Water retention
Hyperthyroidism
More thyroid hormone produced by thyroid
Weight loss
Loss of hair
Eyes bulge
Tremor