1. Abnormal Psychology Second Canadian Edition Gerald C. Davison John M. Neale Kirk R. Blankstein Gordon L. Flett Prepared by: Traci McFarlane

2. Chapter 11 Schizophrenia

3. Schizophrenia  Psychotic disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, emotion, and behaviour  Disordered thinking in which ideas are not logically related, faulty perception and attention, flat or inappropriate affect, and bizarre disturbances in motor activity

4. Clinical Symptoms of Schizophrenia Positive symptoms  Excesses or distortions  Disorganized speech (thought disorder) Incoherence Loose associations  Delusions  Hallucinations

5. Clinical Symptoms of Schizophrenia Negative symptoms  Behavioural deficits  Avolition  Alogia  Anhedonia  Flat affect  Asociality

6. Clinical Symptoms of Schizophrenia Other symptoms  Catatonia Catatonic immobility Waxy flexibility  Inappropriate affect

7. Differential Diagnosis Mood disorders Schizoaffective disorder Personality disorders Schizophreniform disorder Brief psychotic episode Delusional disorder

8. Categories of Schizophrenia in DSM-IV Disorganized schizophrenia Catatonic schizophrenia Paranoid schizophrenia  Delusions of persecution  Grandiose delusions  Delusional jealousy  Ideas of reference Evaluation of the subtypes  Undifferentiated schizophrenia  Residual schizophrenia

9. Etiology of Schizophrenia Genetic data  Family studies  Twin studies  Adoption studies

10. Etiology of Schizophrenia Biochemical factors  Dopamine activity

11. The Brain and Schizophrenia

12. Etiology of Schizophrenia Psychological stress  Social class and schizophrenia Sociogenic hypothesis Social-selection theory  The family and schizophrenia Schizophrenic mother Expressed emotion (EE)

13. Therapies for Schizophrenia Biological treatments Psychological treatments Case management Study by Paul & Lentz (1977)  Social learning ward  Milieu therapy ward  Routine hospital managment

14. Biological Treatments Shock and psychosurgery  Prefrontal lobotomy Drug Therapies  Phenothiazine: Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)  Butyrophenones: Haloperidol (Haldol)  Thioxanthene: Thiothixene (Navane)  Tricyclic dibenzodiazepine: Clozapine (Clozaril)  Thienbenzodiazepine: Olanzapine (Zyprexa)  Benzisoxazole: Risperidone (Risperdal)

15. Psychological Treatments Psychodynamic therapies Social-skills training Family therapy and reducing expressed emotion  Educating about schizophrenia  Information about medication  Avoiding blaming  Improving communication and problem-solving  Encouraging expanded social contacts  Instilling hope that things can improve

16. Psychological Treatments Cognitive behavioural therapy  Reframe psychosis  Identify triggers for psychosis  Reduce physiological arousal  Enhance coping skills  Modification of beliefs Personal therapy Reattribution therapy Attending to basic cognitive function

17. Therapies for Schizophrenia Case management  Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) General trends in treatment  Families and patients can be given realistic and scientifically sound information  Medication is only part of treatment  Early intervention affects course and treatment  Integrated treatment is not widely available

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