1. UNIT 7: MILITARY CONFLICT
LESSON 7.2: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, Part 1

2. Focus What do you already know about the American Revolution?
How did we win? 3 2 1

3. American Revolution

4. Torie

5. Opposing Sides British Americans Predicted short war
Strongest navy in world
Experienced, well-trained army
Soldiers made military a career
Population: 8 million people
“…long…and bloody war…”
Lacked regular army and strong navy
Lacked military experience, and weapons and ammunition were in short supply
Most soldiers were volunteer and fought for short period of time
Population: 2.5 million

6. AP

7. An American struggle
Not all Americans supported the fight for independence
Some were neutral, or didn’t choose a side
- for example, the Quakers would not participate in war because they did not believe in armed war
Others remained loyal to England

8. Loyalists or Tories
Remained loyal to Britain and opposed war for Independence
About 1 out of 4 Americans was a Loyalist
Some changed sides during war, depending on which army was closer
Most Loyalists were from Carolinas and Georgia
Few Loyalists in New England

9. Why were they Loyalists?
Members of Anglican Church
Jobs
Fear of consequences
Did not understand what the big deal was

10. Treatment of Loyalists
Every state had Loyalists
Some fought with British, as well as spying on the Patriots
Many fled America to England, Florida, or beyond Appalachian Mts. to Canada
Those who remained faced difficult times
Could be arrested for treason
Few were executed

11. AP
5 words

12. Patriot Advantages Patriots British problems Fighting on own land
More at stake than British soldiers and Hessians
- freedom of their land vs. money
George Washington
- courage, honesty, and determination
Fighting in faraway land
Forced to ship soldiers and supplies thousands of miles
Relied on mercenaries, hired soldiers
- called Hessians after region in Germany where most of them came from

13. AP: Advantages of the Patriots
1 sentence the advantages.

14. Raising an Army Continental Army Militia
Established by Continental Congress
Difficulty raising money and enlisting soldiers
Relied on states to recruit soldiers
At first, one year of army service when enlisting
Washington said he needed more commitment
Enlistments offered for 3 years or length of war
Most soldiers still signed up for only a year
Each state had their own
Locals who were not trained
Only would fight within their own state
Fought for special interests of their state

15. Differences between Militia and Continental Army

16. African Americans in the Revolution
British offered enslaved people freedom if they fought for them
Many ended up freemen in Canada and Sierra Leone
Washington asked Congress to allow African Americans to enlist because of need of troops
Southern states protested with fear of slaves with guns and possible revolts

17. African Americans in the Revolution
Some states ignored ban
Rhode Island had an all-African American regiment by 1778
South Carolina was only state to not enlist African Americans
About 5,000 Afr. Am. joined the Patriots
Fought for same reasons as other Americans
Some were runaway slaves, while others fought to earn their freedom

18. AP: African Americans
Create a test ?

19. Pop Quiz
1. What are the advantages that the British have in fighting the war?
2. What advantages do the Americans have?
3. What is a Torie?
4. What are some of the reasons that some Americans remained loyalists?
5. What is the difference between the militia and the continental army?
6. What state raised an all African American regiment?
7. Why did Washington decide to attack the Hessians across the Delaware river?
8. Why is this mission so dangerous?

20. Trenton and Princeton
British army settled in New York for winter of 1776, with some troops in New Jersey
Wars usually paused for the winter, so British did not expect to fight
Washington saw British across Delaware River and decided he could catch them off guard
Christmas 1776, crossed Delaware River at night and surprised British at Trenton, NJ

21. Battle of Trenton

22. Trenton and Princeton Americans captured more than 900 Hessians
British sent Lord Charles Cornwallis with reinforcements, but Washington led his troops away
Then marched towards Princeton, and drove away British
Changed mindset of American Patriots to having hope again

23. AP 4

24. The Crossing 3 2 1
What did you learn about the Battle of Trenton from the video that you did not know?
What did you like/dislike about the video?
Would you recommend the video for a USH class that is learning about the difficulties in fighting the American Revolutionary War?

25. Learning Log In your own words summarize what you have learned today.
In fighting a war, what were advantages/disadvantages for both the British and Americans?
Why did some colonists remain loyal to the British?
What role did African Americans play during the Revolution?
How was Washington able to achieve victory during the Battle of Trenton?
What is the significance of Washington’s victory at Trenton?

26. 7.2 part 1 Continued
Focus
In fighting a war, what were advantages/disadvantages for both the British and Americans?
Why did some colonists remain loyal to the British?
What role did African Americans play during the Revolution?
What state had an all African American Regiment? Which state refused to enlist African Americans?
Why did Washington decide to take the risk and attack the Hessians at Trenton?
How was Washington able to achieve victory during the Battle of Trenton?

27. Battle of Saratoga

28. British Plan for Victory
1777
To control Albany, NY and control Hudson River (would separate NE and Middle colonies)
Three sets of troops would meet in Albany and destroy the Patriot troops

29. Who would attack and from where?
General John Burgoyne with 8,000 troops from Canada
Lieutenant Colonel Barry St. Leger from Lake Ontario
General William Howe from New York City

30. AP
1 sentence

31. What Happened to British Plan?
General Howe planned to take Philadelphia before going to Albany
September 1777, Howe’s troops won 2 battles near Philly and captured the capital
Forced Continental Congress to flee
After being attacked by Washington , Howe decided to postpone his move to Albany and spend winter in Philadelphia

32. What Happened to British Plan?
St. Leger’s advance was stopped by American forces, led by Benedict Arnold, at Fort Stanwix, NY, forcing British troops to retreat

33. What Happened to British Plan?
Burgoyne, who loved good food and fine clothes, was known for traveling with luxury goods
Because of his 30 wagons of luxury, his army moved slowly through dense forests
Americans blocked path by chopping down trees

34. What Happened to British Plan?
Burgoyne’s troops need food and supplies
Sent 800 troops and Native Americans to capture American supplies at Bennington, Vermont
British troops’ uniforms made them easy targets in woods, and were attacked by the Green Mountain Boys
Losing troops and being short on supplies caused Burgoyne to retreat to Saratoga in NY

35. AP
Note to a buddy
What happened to the British plans to take Albany NY?

36. Green Mountain Boys

37. Battle of Saratoga
Burgoyne expected to be joined by other British forces at Saratoga, but they weren’t there
General Horatio Gates and American troops blocked his path south
Burgoyne was surrounded by American army 3 times the size of his own
Made a desperate attack on October 7, but Americans remained strong

38. Battle of Saratoga Burgoyne surrendered on October 17, 1777
5,700 British soldiers hand over their weapons as a band played “Yankee Doodle”
Plan to separate NE from Middle Colonies had failed
Soon afterward, General Howe resigned from commander of troops in America and replaced by General Henry Clinton

39. Americans Gain Allies
Victory at Saratoga, not only boosted American spirits, but also caused European nations to realize America had a chance
Ben Franklin had been in France for over a year by end of 1777 trying to gain friends and assistance
France gave US money secretly, but did not commit to an alliance

40. France becomes Ally News of Saratoga arrived to Paris in early 1778
French and Americans made trade agreement and alliance in February 1778
France declared war on England and sent money, equipment, and troops to help American cause

41. AP 5

42. Valley Forge http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtb9W3mPVtE
20 miles west of Philadelphia, where British set up camp for winter 1777
Word had not arrived of French-American alliance
Conditions horrible for Americans
Many men deserted the Continental Army
Troops somehow survived the harsh winter
April 1778, word of alliance was shared and new soldiers joined

43. AP
5 words

44. Marquis de Lafayette French nobleman who spent winter at Valley Forge
Dec. of Ind. made him want to buy a boat and sail to America to join the cause
Offered his services and those of his followers to Washington
Became a trusted aide to Washington

45. Friedrich von Steuben Former army officer from Germany
Drilled American troops at Valley forge, teaching them military discipline
Turned Continental Army into a more effective fighting force
His methods are still used today in drills for the military, but were the standard through the War of 1812

46. AP
Talking Heads

47. Reteaching Activity 7
The American Revolution

48. Learning Log Summarize the British Plan for Victory.
What role did Benedict Arnold and the Green Mountain boys play in regard to Britains plan for victory?
What is the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?
Who was Marquis De Lafayette?
What role did Friedrick von Steuben play in regard to the success of American forces?