1. Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs © POSbase 2005 Abraham Maslow (1954) developed a hierarchy of needs. At the bottom of this hierarchy are basic needs for survival of both individual and species, such as hunger, thirst, and sexuality. At the more advanced levels in the hierarchy, the needs become more personal, and at the top is self-actualization.Maslow (1954) Let us look at the hierarchy in more detail: Contributor

2. Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs © POSbase 2005 Physiological Needs Esteem Needs Belongingness and Love Needs Safety Needs Self- Actualization

3. Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs © POSbase 2005 Physiological Needs: Hunger Thirst Sexuality These needs serve the maintenance of homeostasishomeostasis

4. Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs © POSbase 2005 Safety Needs: Safety and protection from pain, fear, and disorder. Need for protective dependence, order, law, and rules of behavior.

5. Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs © POSbase 2005 Belongingness and Love Needs: Needs for love, attachment, social affiliation, and identification.

6. Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs © POSbase 2005 Esteem Needs: Needs for achievement, recognition, and approval

7. Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs © POSbase 2005 Esteem Needs: Self-Actualization

8. Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs © POSbase 2005 Later, Maslow added two levels between esteem needs and self-actualization:  Cognitive needs: to know, understand, and explore;Cognitive  Aesthetic needs: symmetry, order, and beauty.beauty

9. Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs © POSbase 2005 Assumptions about high level and lower level needs: 1.Needs at a higher level evolved later in phylogeny. 2.Needs at a higher are less important for survival. 3.To live on a higher need level of means longer life, less illness, etc. 4.Higher level needs are less urgent to a person. 5.The satisfaction of higher level needs means more wishful and more positive results, which means greater happiness and a richer inner life.

10. Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs © POSbase 2005 Maslow did not test these assumptions empirically, and there have not been many research psychologists interested in doing so; this may have to do with the fact that Maslow‘s concepts are quite soft and resist operationalization.