1. Matter www.middleschoolscience.comwww.middleschoolscience.com 2008

2. Mass vs. Weight Mass a measure of how much matter an object is made of does not change, regardless of where something or someone is Weight the force of gravity on an object equal to the mass of the body times the local acceleration of gravity http://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/weight/index.html Why do you think the person’s weight is less on the moon? Mass = 59 kg Weight = 579 N Weight = 96 N

3. Anything that has a mass and a volume

4. Matter Note……. Fire is NOT an example of matter

5. Close up view of atoms and their behavior Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/

6. Physical Properties of Matter any property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter Examples temperature color shape taste state/phase density D = m V

7. Chemical Properties of Matter any property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance Examples flammability reactivity with vinegar reactivity with oxygen Iron + Oxygen  Iron oxide (rust) 2Fe + 3O 2  Fe 2 O 3

8. Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties Substance/MatterPhysical PropertyChemical Property HeliumLess dense than airNonflammable WoodGrainy textureFlammable Baking sodaWhite powderReacts with vinegar to produce bubbles Powdered sugarWhite powderDoes not react with vinegar Rubbing alcoholClear liquidFlammable Red food coloringRed colorReacts with bleach and loses color IronMalleableReacts with oxygen

9. Chemical or Physical Property? 1.Paper is white 2.Boiling point of H 2 O is 100 o C 3.Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid and creates hydrogen gas 4.Nitrogen does not burn 5.Sulfur smells like rotten eggs _____________ Property _________________ Property __________________ Property

10. Changing from one state to another is a Physical Change. If a new substance is formed it is a Chemical Change. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

11. Physical Change a change in shape, size, color, or state a change without a change in chemical composition a change that is reversible ▫ The Mixtures Lab The Mixtures Lab Examples tearing paper cutting your hair change in state

12. Chemical or Physical Change? 1.Bending a Paper Clip 2.Baking a cake 3.The sublimation of carbon dioxide 4.Crushing an aluminum can 5.Vinegar and baking soda combining to create salt and water Physical Change Chemical Change Physical Change

13. States of Matter Continuum Taken from: http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_becondensate.htmlhttp://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_becondensate.html

14. Density a measure of the amount of matter present in a given volume of a substance typically expressed in the following units: ▫ grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ) for solids ▫ grams per milliliter (g/ml) for liquids can change as temperature and pressure change Which do you think is more dense? Why?

15. Calculating Density Density can be calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume D = m V Sample Problem Timothy found a solid metal block that has a mass of 100 grams and a volume of 25 cm 3. What would be the density of the block? D = = 100 grams 25 cm 3 4 grams cm 3

16. Practice Problems 1.Find the density of a substance with a mass of 27 g and a volume of 7 cm 3. 2. A block of maple has a mass of 20 grams and a volume of 26.5 cm 3. What is the density of the block? D = m V D = m V D = = 27 g 7 cm 3 3.86 grams cm 3 D = 20 grams 26.5 cm 3 = 0.75 grams cm 3

17. The building blocks of Matter Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N). Consists of only one kind of atom, Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means Can exist as either atoms or molecules. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

18. A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule.

19. Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.htmlhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html Atoms of two or more different elements bound together. Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically. In the animation above, water (H 2 0) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.

20. Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution. Uniform Distribution. Example: Sugar and Water Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

21. The substance to be dissolved. The one doing the dissolving. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

23. Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions. Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

24. They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical. Can be separated physically. Solutions are also mixtures. The substances are not uniformly mixed. Example: Sand in a glass of water. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

25. Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts that are visible to the naked eye. Example: the ingredients in salad dressing Substances will settle over time.

26. Matter MixturesHomogeneous Solution Solvent SolutionColloids Heterogeneous Suspensions Pure Substances ElementMoleculeCompounds

27. Strange Science http://www.strangematterexhibit.com/str ucture.html