1. Principles of Government MR. S. WNOROWSKI ROOM 252

2. PREVIEW  Watch First and read along: MLK Speech MLK Speech  Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free.  "One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.  One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.  So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition. In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir.  So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.

3. PREVIEW  Read and analyze the chosen excerpt  Analyze it and determine what type of speech is this:  Persuasive / Best Man / Demonstration / Tribute / Motivation  Cite evidence to support your answers  Complete A.P.P.A.R.T.S. Form and be prepared to share.

4. Propaganda techniques in the media Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002 Whose voice guides your choice?

5. How do you decide who is the best candidate… Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

6. or which is the best toothpaste ? Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

7. Looking for facts to back up your choice is an excellent idea, but find out who is presenting those facts. Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

8. Are they facts at all, or is the advertiser using propaganda techniques to persuade you? Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

9. What is propaganda  “Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist.”  —Jowett & O'Donnell, Propaganda and Persuasion

10. What are Propaganda techniques? Propaganda is designed to persuade. Its purpose is to influence your opinions, emotions, attitudes, or behavior. It seeks to “guide your choice.”

11. Five characteristics of propaganda 1. Propaganda is in the eye of the beholder.  “I’m persuading. The other guy is using propaganda.” 2. Propaganda has a strong ideological bent.  example: PETA, Queer Nation, or the Army of God 3. Propaganda is institutional in nature. It is practiced by organized groups  governments, corporations, social movements, special interests 4. Propaganda relies on mass persuasion  television, radio, Internet, billboards 5. Propaganda tends to rely on ethically suspect methods of influence.  deception, distortion, misrepresentation, or suppression of information.

12. Who uses Propaganda? Military Media Advertisers Politicians You and I

13. What are some of the techniques used to persuade us? Bandwagon Name-calling Testimonial Glittering Generality Plain-folks appeal Transfer Emotional words Faulty Reasoning Fear

14. Bandwagon Everybody is doing this. If you want to fit in, you need to “jump on the bandwagon” and do it too. The implication is that you must JOIN in to FIT in. Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

15. For example: If the whole world uses this VISA card, you must need one too. Or Support your favorite team BullsOr Support your favorite team Bulls Bank of the World Visa Card- You can use it from Tennessee to Timbuktu- anywhere you travel in whole wide world !! Sign up today at www.bowvisa.comwww.bowvisa.com Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

16. Name-calling A negative word or feeling is attached to an idea, product, or person. If that word or feeling goes along with that person or idea, the implication is that we shouldn’t be interested in it. Donald vs. Jeb

17. For example: Do we want a mayor who will leave us in debt? Spending grew 100% under Mayor Moneybags! Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

18. Testimonial A famous person endorses an idea, a product, a candidate. If someone famous uses this product, believes this idea, or supports this candidate, so should we.

19. For example: If we drink milk we will all be as famous as Milly the model. Milly the Model asks, “Got Milk?” Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

20. Glittering Generality A commonly admired virtue is used to inspire positive feelings for a person, idea, or product. Words like truth, democracy, beauty, timeless are examples of those general terms.

21. For example: If you want to be brighter, you’ll support Bill Brite. Campaign Ads Look on the bright side! Vote for Bill Brite ! Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

22. Plain-folks appeal This idea, product, or person is associated with normal, everyday people and activities.

23. For Example: We want a Jim Smith, a mayor who supports the regular American worker. Vote for Smith Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

24. Transfer Symbols, quotes, or images of famous people are used to convey a message. The message may not necessarily be associated with them.

25. For example: Joe uses symbols of America to tie his restaurant to American values for Independence Day. Celebrate the American Way this 4 th of July- Eat at Joe’s Joe’s Barbeque Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

26. Emotional words Words that leave us with positive feelings are used to describe a product, person, or idea. We associate those words and, therefore, those positive feelings with the product.

27. For example: What feelings are inspired by the words “true love”? If you wear this cologne will someone fall in love with you? True Love Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

28. Faulty Reasoning Factual supporting details are used though they do not support the conclusion. It works like this: Christians believe in God. Muslims believe in God. Christians are Muslims.

29. For example: Does this mean that teachers need medication to keep their cool during the school day ? More teachers recommend Calm- me to help them make it through the day Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

30. Fear Our fears are displayed. Ideas, candidates, or products are shown to put our fears to rest.Ideas, candidates, or products are shown to put our fears to rest.

31. For example: If you use Safety Ware it will people from stealing your identity-or will it? Guard against Identity theft Use Safety Ware www.safetyware.com Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

32. How do we make sure that we are making informed choices, instead of allowing others to sway us in our decision- making? Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

33. We make our own choices when … we read and listen to reliable sources, we watch for combinations of truths and lies, we check for hidden messages, we watch for use of propaganda techniques, and, most importantly WHEN WE LISTEN TO OUR OWN VOICES !

34. CARTOON ANALYSIS  Review the Cartoon / Artwork  Analyze and determine what type of propaganda is being used  7 Minutes

35. FURTHER RESEARCH  Do your own study of propaganda: 1. Find 2 campaign adds from the current Presidential Campaigns (Check Website) 2. One from two different Candidates (Examples) Trump / Jeb Bush / Hillary Clinton / Bernie Sanders 3. Watch the add 4. Analyze its content using the forms of Propaganda discussed 5. Determine whether or not it is effective / Believable 6. Fact-Check the add at: Fact-Check.org