1. 1/9/14 India Achieves Independence & Partition (p. 563 – 565, # 1 – 12) 1.Mark the places in text where you got your answers. 2.Review answers with your partner. On desk: p. 563 – 565, #1 – 12

2. 1/9/14 World History Agenda 1.India Achieves Independence & Partition (review p. 563 – 565, # 1 – 12) 2.Start Scene #6, Gandhi film HW: None! Honors: Ch. 8 – 9 by Monday & Meeting Tues. 3 – 4pm

3. 1.In the 1940’s, how many Hindus were there in India? How many Muslims? Hindu: 350 million Muslim: 100 million

4. 2. What were the two groups working for Indian independence? Who were the leaders of each group? Congress Party (mostly Hindu) – Gandhi Muslim League – Muhammad Ali Jinnah Hindu: 350 million Muslim: 100 million 3.Why do you think Jinnah & the Muslim League were worried about India gaining its independence? Muslims didn’t want to be overruled by Hindus. Thought Hindus might persecute Muslims or be unfair to them. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gandhi_Jinna h_1944.jpg

5. 4. What does the term partition mean? Partition – to divide into separate parts 5. Why did the British decide that partition was the only safe way to grant India its independence? Muslims resisted any plan that involved a govt. dominated by Hindus Rioting broke out in several Indian cities Aug. 1946 – 5,000 killed & 15,000 injured during 4 days of violence in Calcutta Police disperse riots in Calcutta, 1946 http://www.superstock.com/stock-photos- images/1899-36655 http://4freedoms.com/photo/calcutta-riots-1946- 7?xg_source=activity

6. 6. When Britain granted India independence in July 1947, how did they divide the territory? Why do you think they did this? Northwest & Eastern India (Muslim majority) Became East Pakistan & West Pakistan Central India (Hindu majority) became India http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par tition_of_India

7. Partition, 1947 Green = Muslim majority Pink = Hindu majority Green = Pakistan Orange= India

8. 7. Explain why people had to migrate because of the partition of India. How many people migrated in the summer of 1947? Over 10 million people had to migrate. Largest mass migration in human history!

9. 8. Describe what the conditions were like for Indians during their migration. Lots of violence between Hindus, Muslims & Sikhs. Horrible conditions on trains. Dead bodies everywhere. 9.How many people died in the violence that occurred during the migration? Estimated 1 million people died in violent clashes between Hindus & Muslims http://allurdubooks.blogspot.com/2011/08/rare- pictures-of-migration-1947-part-1.html

10. 10. When did Britain officially grant India its independence? Aug. 15 th, 1947 Indian flagPakistani flag

11. 11. Who assassinates Gandhi and why? A Hindu extremist (Nathuram Godse) He thought Gandhi was too protective of & friendly towards Muslims. http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/File:Nathuram_god se.jpg

12. 12. Explain why Kashmir is a source of conflict for India & Pakistan. Kashmir’s population was majority Muslim, but ruler was Hindu. India & Pakistan fought for control (U.N. set up “line of control” in 1949) India & Pakistan (and also China) continue to fight over territory today! http://www.cnn.com/WO RLD/9704/09/in.pak/

13. GANDHI FILM, SCENE 5: Answer “Discussion Question” #2 Fill out “Notes While Watching”

14. Gandhi film, final scene