2. This presentation will provide explanation and practice for: Conditional Grammar, Part 3

3. Examples of this grammar: I didn’t know Clara had her baby last week! If I had known she had her baby, I would have visited her in the hospital. Real: I didn’t know Clara had her baby. Unreal: If I had known, I would have visited her.

4. Joe didn’t study for his test, so he failed it. If he had studied for his test, he wouldn’t have failed it. Real: Joe didn’t study, and he failed his test. Unreal: If he had studied, he wouldn’t have failed his test.

5. make How do we make this type of conditional grammar? Look at these examples: 1.If I had seen you, I would have said “hello.” 2. Tomas wouldn’t have gotten a speeding ticket if he had driven more carefully. After the IF, use ______________________ tense. In the other clause, use ______________________.

6. Form & Meaning: We can’t change the past, however we are lamenting a decision or action. When we use this grammar, we are often expressing regret for something that we did or didn’t do in the past. We can’t change the past, however we are lamenting a decision or action. Ex. I ate two pieces of cake, and then I felt sick. 3 rd Conditional: If I hadn’t eaten so much cake, I wouldn’t have gotten sick. I’m imagining what would or would not have happened if the past had been different.

7. Notice that you can start these sentences with the If-clause or with the Would have-clause : If Marta had not moved abroad, she never would have learned another language. Marta never would have learned another language if she hadn’t moved abroad.

8. Try these examples: 1. If we ____________ (save) more money last year, we ______________ (take) a vacation to Hawaii.

9. More Practice... 2. If you ___________________ (not, remind) about Lisa’s birthday, I ___________________ (forget) all about it.

10. More Practice... 3. If I _____________ (go) to bed earlier last night, I ___________________ (oversleep) this morning.

11. We often use “wish” and Past Unreal Conditionals together to express an idea. I wish I hadn’t cheated on the test. If I hadn’t cheated, I wouldn’t have gotten in trouble.

12. Remember how to use Hope and Wish?

13. Using wish to regret past events... Often we regret things that we did or didn’t do in the past. In these cases, we can use “wish.” 1.I wish I had won the contest. =I didn’t win, but I wish I had. 2. We wish we had caught a bigger fish. =We are wishing for something that didn’t happen.

14. Think about the grammar we use when we use wish for past events: 1.I wish I hadn’t burned the hot dogs. 2. Mike wishes he had won the race. Put the verb “wish” in ___________________tense. After “wish,” put the verb in __________________.

15. Review... Hope + present tense = to express what you want to happen in the near future I hope he calls me tonight. Wish + simple past =to desire a situation that is different from the present I wish I spoke Spanish more fluently. Wish + past perfect =to regret what happened or didn’t happen in the PAST I wish I hadn’t broken that vase.

16. For more practice... Go to our class website for more practice! Be sure to ask your teacher or classmates if you need help!