1. Warm Up 3/20  What is the relationship between labor unions and immigrants in the early 1900s?

2. US HISTORY Goal 6

3. Reasons for Imperialism  Imperialism- stronger nations extend their economic, political or military control over weaker territories  Reasons  Desire for military strength Alfred Mahan- US admiral in navy- build navy to compete with other nations Modern battleships- Maine and Oregon  New markets for US goods US needed raw materials for its’ factories US needed markets for its’ agricultural and manufacturing products  Belief in cultural superiority Social Darwinism- survival of the fittest; racial superiority of Anglo- Saxons  Religious Purposes Spread Christianity

5. Purchase of Alaska  Secretary of State William Seward  Buy Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million  Become known as Seward’s Folly- thought buying Alaska was silly  Alaska will be rich in natural resources Oil, gas, etc Will be a good deal  Alaska become 49th state in 1959

6. Annexation of Hawaii  Hawaii  US takes Midway Islands in 1867  Americans had been using Hawaii since 1790s  American sugar plantations grow rapidly ( 3/4 of islands wealth)  US imposes tariffs on its’ territories (McKinley Tariff of 1890)  American sugar plantations cry for annexation  1887- US starts to use Pearl Harbor as a naval base  1897- President Cleveland and Congress proclaim Hawaii a territory  1959- Hawaii becomes 50th state

8. Interest In Cuba  US supported Cuban rebellions in 1868 and 1878  1895- Cuba revolts under Jose Marti  1896- Spain sends Valeriano Weyler to end revolt  Around 300,000 Cubans put in concentration camps  William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer use yellow journalism to create exaggerated accounts of the conditions in the concentration camps to create sympathy for Cuban people  Creates war fever in America  Spain gives in a little- give Cuba limited self-government  De Lome Letter- letter stolen by Cuban rebel that criticized President McKinley as weak.  USS Maine sent to Cuba to bring home American citizens. The USS Maine blew up. Spain was blamed.

9. Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! Yellow Journalism  The use of stories that are exaggerated and used to build war fever

10. War with Spain  War declared on April 20, 1898  US invades Philippines and destroys the Spanish fleet (navy)  Spain will surrender the Philippines in August  Set up a blockade of Cuba  Rough Riders- group of volunteer cavalry led by Theodore Roosevelt  San Juan Hill- US troops defeated Spanish and forced them to flee  US will invade Puerto Rico in July

11. The Rough Riders

12. Treaty of Paris (1898)  Peace terms  Spain frees Cuba  Spain gives Guam and Puerto Rico to the US  Spain sells Philippines to US for $20 million  Debate over Philippines  Yes- McKinley said “educate the Filipinos and uplift and Christianize them.”- Social Darwinism  No Booker T Washington- take care of problems in US Samuel Gompers- argued that Filipinos would compete for jobs  US Senate will ratify the Treaty of Paris  U.S. becomes an imperial Power

13. What will happen to new territories?  Puerto Rico  Immediately after Spanish-American War, Puerto Rico was under military rule.  Foraker Act- end military rule  President of US appoints Governor of Puerto Rico and members of its’ upper house of legislatures  Puerto Ricans elect lower house of legislatures  1917- US gives Puerto Ricans full citizenship rights and the right to elect both houses of government

14. Cuba  After war, US military had a big presence in Cuba  Gave food and clothing, helped farmers, and organized elementary schools  1900- Cuba writes its’ own constitution  US add Platt Amendment to their constitution  Cuba could not make treaty that would allow foreigners to control any part of Cuba  The US had the right to intervene in Cuba  The US could buy or lease land for naval bases  Cuba becomes a US protectorate ( a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power)

15. US Interest in Panama  US will want to build a canal in Panama  Canal would make shipping to Asian markets faster  Construction will start in 1903 and finish in 1914  US will control it until 1977  Today- owned and operated by the government of Panama

16. The Panama Canal

17. US Interest in China  European countries already set up spheres of influence in China  Sphere of Influence- areas where each country claimed rights and economic privileges  US feared they would be shut out  John Hay- US Secretary of State  Wrote Open Door notes- letters to leaders of other nations proposing they share trading rights with the US  Other powers accept policy

18. China Cont.  Boxer Rebellion- group that resented foreign influence in China  Boxers killed missionaries and foreigners  International forces will put down rebellion  John Hay- write a second series of Open Door notes  Notes reflect US beliefs  Growth of US depended on exports  US had a right to intervene to keep foreign markets open  Closing of areas to Americans threatened US survival

19. The Open Door Policy  Secretary John Hay  Give all nations equal access to trade in China  Guaranteed that China would NOT be take over by any one foreign power

20. America as a Pacific Power

21. Reactions to Imperialism  Filipino Revolt  Led by Emilio Aguinaldo  Filipinos forced to live in designated zones that were filled with starvation and poor sanitation  Took more than 3 years to put down rebellion  Aftermath- US set up a government like the one set up in Puerto Rico  Philippines become independent on July 4, 1946

22. Reactions Cont.  Mexican Rebellion  Under President Wilson, US will intervene when Mexico is struggling with setting up a new government  Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata will fight against US  Zapata- “It is better to die on your feet than live on your knees.”  Eventually US will back down and avoid war with Mexico because of larger war looming- World War I

23.  Founded in 1899.  Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders.  Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism. The American Anti-Imperialist league

24. Teddy Roosevelt  Theodore Roosevelt  Took office in 1901- after McKinley was assassinated  Had Panama Canal built- benefit US navy and shipping  Roosevelt Corollary- addition to Monroe Doctrine where Roosevelt said European countries could not intervene in affairs in Western Hemisphere but the US could  Big Stick Policy- “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

25. Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick

26. Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905

27. Taft and Wilson  Taft  Dollar diplomacy- US will invest money in foreign countries  US government guaranteed loans made by American businesses to foreign countries  Wilson  Missionary or Moral Diplomacy  US had moral responsibility to deny any Latin American government that the US viewed as oppressive or undemocratic, or hostile to US interests  Lead to the US involvement in Mexico