1. BODY SYSTEMS REVISION YEAR 10 SPORT SCIENCE

2. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Allows air to travel to our lungs from body FUNCTION Supplies oxygen to all parts of the body Consists of: Pharynx Larynx Trachea Lungs Bronchus Bronchiole Alveoli Diaphragm

3. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

5. Inspiration and Expiration Inspiration Contraction of intercostal muscles Diaphragm contracts downwards Increase size of thoracic cavity and lung space Air pressure in lungs decreased Expiration Intercostals and diaphragm relax Space inside lungs decreases Air pressure in lungs increased

7. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Tidal Volume - amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath (600mL male) Minute ventilation – volume of air moved into and out of respiratory tract each minute Minute ventilation (VE) = respiratory rate × tidal volume At rest, minute ventilation = 12 × 0.5 L = 6.0 L/min

8. SKELETAL SYSTEM Bone structure of body FUNCTION Movement of body Support Two sections: Axial skeleton- bones of skull, spine, thorax Appendicular skeleton- bones of upper and lower extremities

10. SKELETAL SYSTEM TYPES OF BONES Long bones (eg. Femur) Short bones (eg. Tarsals) Flat bones (eg. Sternum) Irregular bones (eg. Vertebrae) Sesamoid bones (eg. Patella) Sutural bones (eg. Skull)

11. SKELETAL SYSTEM TYPES OF JOINTS Gliding Joint Ball and Socket Joint Pivot Joint Hinge Joint Saddle Joint Condyloid Joint

13. MUSCULAR SYSTEM FUNCTION Allow movement to occur TYPES OF MUSCLES Smooth- involuntary (eg. Stomach) Skeletal- voluntary (eg. Quadricep) Cardiac- involuntary (eg. Heart)

15. MUSCULAR SYSTEM Types of movement Flexion- shortening of muscle Extension- lengthening of muscle Abduction- movement away from body Adduction- movement towards body

16. MUSCULAR SYSTEM Supination- outward action of hand Pronation- inward action of hand Eversion- outward action of foot Inversion- inward action of foot Dorsi flexion- upward action of foot Plantar flexion- downward action of foot

17. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Transportation of blood throughout the body Removal of waste products Consists of: Heart - (ventricles, atrium, aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein) Blood - (RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma) Blood vessels - (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins)

18. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

19. RIGHT ATRIUM → RIGHT VENTRICLE → PULMONARY ARTERY → LUNGS → PULMONARY VEIN → LEFT ATRIUM → LEFT VENTRICLE → LEFT VENTRICLE → AORTA → ARTERIES → ARTERIOLES → CAPILLARIES → VENULES → VEINS → VENA CAVA