2. Body Systems

3. Musculoskeletal System
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the heart
Circulation of blood
Components of blood
Pulse
Blood Pressure
Nervous System
Digestive System
Skin
Function
Layers
Endocrine System

4. Musculoskeletal System
Skeleton
Skull
Houses and protects the brain
Cranium: Orbit; Nasal Bone; Maxillae, upper jaw; Mandible, lower jaw; Zygomatic arches

5. Spine
Cervicle-7; Thoracic-12; Lumbar-5; Sacral-5; coccyx-4

6. Thorax
Ribs
Sternum

7. Iliac Crest

8. Pelvis Ilium Pubis Ischium Acetabulum
Ilium: Superior bone that contains the Iliac Crest; Pubis, anterior portion; Ischium, inferior/posterior portion; Acetabulum, socket of the hip joint

9. Medial and Lower mallelous Tarsals and metatarsals Calcaneus Phalanges
Lower Extremities
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Medial and Lower mallelous
Tarsals and metatarsals
Calcaneus
Phalanges
Medial and Lower Mallelous; surface landmarks of the ankle joint
Medial and Lower Mallelous; surface landmarks of the ankle joint

11. Acromioclavicular Joint Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals
Upper Extremities
Clavicle
Scapula
Acromioclavicular Joint
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Carpals: Wrist
Metacarpals: Hand
Phalanges: Fingers

12. Joints
Bones connect to other bones
Types: Ball and socket; Hinge

13. Muscles Function Voluntary Involuntary Cardiac
Function: Gives the body shape; provides for movement

14. Voluntary Skeletal Attached to bone Form the major muscle mass
Under control of the nervous system and brain
Can be contracted and relaxed at your will
Responsible for movement

15. Involuntary
Smooth
Found in the GI tract, urinary system, blood vessels and bronchi
Control the flow of blood
Carry out the automatic muscular functions
No direct control
Respond to stretching, heat and cold

16. Cardiac Found only in the heart Involuntary
Own supply of blood; coronary artery system
Can tolerate interruption for very short periods
Automaticity: Ability of muscles to contract on their own

17. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Anatomy Physiology
Infant and child anatomy considerations

18. Pharynx
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx: Area posterior to the nose

19. Epiglottis

20. Trachea
Windpipe
Windpipe

21. Lower portiion of the…….
Cricoid Cartilage
Lower portiion of the…….
Lower portiion of the…….

22. Larynx
Voicebox

23. Bronchi
Subdivides into smaller air passages ending at the alveoli

25. Lungs
Diaphragm

26. Respiratory Physiology how we breathe
Inhalation
Based on concentration of gasses or pressure. The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm moves slightly downward, the ribs move upward/outward and air flows into the lungs

27. Exhalation
Reverse the process

28. The intercostal muscles relax, decreasing the size of the of the thoracic cavity
Diaphragm moves upward
Air flows out of the lungs

29. Alveolar/capillary exchange
Oxygen enter the alveoli during each inspiration
Oxygen poor blood in the capillaries passes into the alveoli. Oxygen enters the capillaries as CO2 enters the alveoli

30. Capillary/Cellular exchange
Cells give up CO2, Capillaries give up O2 to the cells
Cells give up CO2, Capillaries give up O2 to the cells

31. Infant and Child Anatomy Considerations
Mouth and Nose
Pharynx
Trachea
Cricoid Cartilege
Diaphragm
Mouth and nose; structures are smaller and more easily obstructed. Pharynx; tongue takes up proportionally more space. Trachea; softer and more flexible. Cricoid Cartilege; less developed and less rigid. Diaphragm; chest wall is softer, infants and children depend on the diaphragm for breathing

32. Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the heart
Circulation of the blood
Composition of the blood
Pulse
Blood pressure
Perfusion

33. Anatomy of the heart
Atria
Ventricles
One way valves
Conductivity

34. Posterior tibial: medial malleous Dorsalis Pedis; top of the foot
Arteries
Coronary
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Carotid
Brachial
Radial
Posterior tibial: medial malleous
Dorsalis Pedis; top of the foot
Carry blood away from the heart
Aorta: Largest artery; divides at the navel into the iliac arteries
Carotid; major artery of the neck, supplies head with blood

35. Arterioles
Capillaries
Veinules

36. Veins
Superior vena cavea
Inferior vena cavea
Pulmonary vein

37. Composition of the Blood
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma; watery salty fluid that make up over half the volume of blood. Red and white blood cells and platelets are carried in the plasma
Red Blood Cells, Erythrocytes; Gives blood its color, carries o2 to the tissues and co2 away from the tissues
White blood cells; Fight infection
Platelets; clotting

38. Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Nerves
Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord

39. Peripheral Nervous System Sensory
Carry information from the body to the brain and spinal cord

40. Motor
Carry information from the brain and spinal cord to the brain

41. Digestive System Function Organs of digestion
Organs that assist in food breakdown

42. Function
Food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable forms

43. Organs of Digestion Stomach Small intestine
Stomach: Hollow organ; expands as it fills with food
Small intestine: Hollow organ where food absorption takes place; Divided into 3 parts: Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Large Intestine; hollow organ; removes water from waste products
Stomach: Hollow organ; expands as it fills with food
Small intestine: Hollow organ where food absorption takes place; Divided into 3 parts: Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Large Intestine; hollow organ; removes water from waste products

44. Duodenum: Breakdown of food; Regulates the rate at which the stomach empties

45. Jenunum: Absorbs nutrients

46. Ileum: The function of the ileum is mainly to absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts and whatever products of digestion were not absorbed by the jejunum.
Ileum: The function of the ileum is mainly to absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts and whatever products of digestion were not absorbed by the jejunum.

47. Large Intestine; hollow organ; removes water from waste products

48. Organs that assist in food breakdown Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Spleen
Appendix
Liver: Solid organ; produces bile and breaks down fats
Gallbladder: Stores bile from the liver
Pancreas: Produces insulin
Spleen: Solid organ; filters blood; hold significant quantities of blood
Appendix

49. Skin
Function
Layers
Function: Protection; water balance; temperature regulation; excretion; shock absorption
Layers: Epidermis; outermost most layer
Dermis: Deeper layer of the skin; contains sweat and sebaceous glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings
Subcutaneous: The third layer of human skin is called the subcutaneous (meaning “under the skin”) fatty layer. It is made up of fat cells, connective tissue, and blood vessels. It also contains hair roots, from which hair growth takes place. The fat in this layer supplies nutrients to the other two layers. It also cushions the body and protects it from the cold.

50. Endocrine System Produces Hormones
Interacts with many other body systems
Hormones: Chemical Messengers ie insulin, epinephrine that help to regulate body functions and activities
Hormones: Chemical Messengers ie insulin, epinephrine that help to regulate body functions and activities