1. Issue = Multicultural mix Many Urban areas have a variety of cultures

3. Ethnic segregation Many cities have a variety of people from different ethnic backgrounds People of different races and religions tend to live near each other and not mix. SEGREGATION

4. Reasons why people tend to cluster in the same areas Support from others ( feel safe, sense of belonging and protection from racial abuse) A familiar culture (comfort with same background, language, ideas, beliefs) People live near to services that support their culture eg places of worship, specialist shops

5. Safety in numbers (stronger voice in group rather than individually) Employment - low paid jobs/high rate unemployment means limited money so can only afford cheaper housing in certain parts of city Reasons why people tend to cluster in the same areas

6. Strategies to support equal access to services like healthcare and education Print leaflets in variety of languages so everyone can access information Involve leaders of local ethnic communities in making decisions Provide interpreters at hospitals and police stations Make sure suitable services for different cultures eg same sex doctors/nurses

7. General City councils print information in a number of different languages and also employ translaters in community services(e.g. schools, doctors) for people who cannot speak English. Communities also provide facilities(e.g. community centres) that encourage meetings of all sections of a comunity rather than separate ethnic groups. Finally, ethnic groups tend to lack basic employment skills when they move to a different area(Leeds is the case study I have for issues and responses to multiculturalism) therefore they increased employment of these ethnic groups through iniatives to ensure basic skills. They gave them access to information and training as a result. This also got them to get involved in the community.

8. Integration=Leeds Improve education and increase childrens’ achievement in deprived areas like Harehills Improve literacy where English is 2 nd language, especially for women Increase employment –basic skills, access to information re training Increase community involvement-voluntary work Provide facilities to meet needs of all sections of a community rather than 1 ethnic group-mums and tots groups

9. Exam question Why do ethnic minorities live in sometimes segregated areas in inner cities?