1. Replacing Dirty and Toxic with Clean and Green
TBF Environmental Technology
Green Solvents
Replacing Dirty and Toxic with Clean and Green
David Pasin, President
TBF Environmental Technology Inc.
VOC Compliant Solvents

2. TBF Environmental Technology
Presentation to:
Western Coatings Show
BiAnnual Conference 2015
October, 2015
Las Vegas, Nevada

3. TBF Environmental Technology Inc. VOC Compliant Solvents
Develops, manufactures, markets, and distributes environmentally friendly, VOC compliant solvents, to industrial markets in North America, European Union and Australia:
Paints and coatings
Adhesives
Printing inks
Polymers
Personal care
General industrial cleaning and degreasing

4. Green Solvent Issues

5. “ ” Green Solvent Issues
Many alternatives to MEK, Xylene, IPA and Acetone have been developed, but few work well: “
The opportunity to develop and market solvents with lower ecological and toxicological profiles is excellent…however, the perfect solvent is not available. Tradeoffs have to be made regarding efficiency, cost and environmental impact. ”
Chemical Insight & Forecasting, Nov 2010.

6. Green Solvent Issues
Over 10,000,000 US workers Exposed to toxic solvents on a daily basis.
Solvent emissions destroy human health and pollute the atmosphere.
US EPA and State regulators continually impose lower limits on VOCs.
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) and Xylene do not meet new regulations.
Substitute green solvents currently available have serious limitations that limit their efficacy and acceptance.

7. Hydrocarbon Solvents A Huge Problem
Many states are restricting companies annual usage of various hydrocarbon solvents, particularly Xylene and Toluene.
Companies are trying to scale back usage of solvents and are looking for effective alternatives due to serious legal, health and environmental concerns.
“Green” solvent alternatives are proving problematic.

8. Regulations Increasing
EPA and State regulators, especially California, Texas, Massachusetts are continually imposing lower limits on VOCs of various products.
Most “Biomass” produced solvents do not meet new regulations, and are shown to have serious environmental problems.
Carbon footprint, emission byproducts and VOC issues are primary concerns in “biomass” based solvents.

9. New Regulations Massachusetts
Section 7.18 is currently under review
Proposing to add a new section (30):
Adhesives, Adhesive Primers, Sealants and Sealant Primers to the list of regulated products.
Limits are set to come into effect in 2015 and 2016.

10. California Air Resources Board (CARB)
New Regulations
California Air Resources Board (CARB)
Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR):
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are not the only measurement of the impacts on air quality.
CARB developed and has initiated the use of the Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) value to quantify the propensity of a chemical compound to react in the atmosphere to form ground-level ozone.

11. California Air Resources Board (CARB)
New Regulations
California Air Resources Board (CARB)
Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR):
MIR is being adopted as a replacement for Low Vapour Pressure as more flexible standard in determining suitability of a solvent as “VOC-exempt” or “low VOC”.
Focus on eliminating high-MIR compounds which will have the greatest impact in lowering ambient VOC levels.  

12. California Air Resources Board (CARB)
New Regulations
California Air Resources Board (CARB)
Any product that meets the definition of an aerosol coating is regulated.
Product could default to the lowest general-purpose coatings category limit if not properly labelled.
General Coatings Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) limits lowered. Effective date 01/01/2017.
New categories and New MIR limits for some categories called Specialty Coatings (A) effective date 01/01/2017. 

13. California Air Resources Board (CARB)
New Regulations
California Air Resources Board (CARB)
More Reporting Requirements
Largest Issue:
General coating limits will be very challenging to meet. Aerosol coatings producers should review this regulation completely to ensure their products are compliant and categorized properly.
CARB enforcement to be strict and target incorrectly labelled products.

14. Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) (Contribution to ozone and smog)
MIR Data
Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) (Contribution to ozone and smog)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
1.48
0 VOC MEK Substitute
0.49
Acetone
0.36
0 VOC Acetone Substitute
0.065
Xylene
5.84
Toluene
4.00
Parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF)
0.11
Tertiary Butyl Acetate (TBAc)
0.18
0 VOC Xylene Substitute
0.079

15. Comparison of MIR Values
MIR Data
Comparison of MIR Values

16. Comparison of MIR Values
MIR Data
Comparison of MIR Values
Xylene Toluene PCBTF/Oxsol TBAc VOC

17. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC MEK Alternative
A safe, effective, efficient and cost effective replacement for MEK
Benzene-free
Non-carcinogenic
No hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)
No ozone-depleting or creator chemicals
Considered an Ultra-Low VOC Solvent (LVOC) in SCAQMD, 0 VOC in states
EPA Test Method 24: 2.66 g/l VOC
Personal Care Council (INCI) Approved

18. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC MEK Alternative
Can be used in:
paints and coating formulations and cleaning
paint and varnish removers
ink and marker formulations and cleaning
adhesive formulation and cleaning
adhesive removers
gelcoat formulation and cleaning
fiberglass manufacturing

19. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC MEK Alternative
Can be used in or as:
surface preparation and precision cleaner
general purpose surface wipe cleaner
general and heavy duty degreaser
laboratory and equipment wipe solvent
brake and contact cleaner
paint gun and paint line cleaner
lubricating greases and oils
automotive chemicals and cleaners
undercoat formulation and cleaning
waterproofing compounds
household dyes and tints

20. Green Solvent Alternative
Physical / Chemical Characteristics
0 VOC MEK Sub
Methyl Ethyl
Ketone
Methyl Acetate
DiMethyl
Carbonate
Density °C)
0.97
0.804
0.932
1.07
Boiling Point (°C)
75.31
79.6 58 90
Evaporation Rate (n-BuAc=1)
3.62
3.8
6.0
3.2
Flash Point (°C)
9.0
-9.0
-10
17.2
Vapour °C (mm Hg)
125 74
165 18
Freezing Point (°C)
-71.54
-86.7
-98 4
Solvency (Kb Value)
79.1 na 64
Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR)
0.47
1.48
0.072
0.06
Hansen Solubility Parameters (MPA)
δd (dispersion)
δP (polarity)
δH (hydrogen bonding)
7.87
3.72
3.59
7.8
4.4
2.5 15
3.5
3.7
15.5
3.9
9.7

21. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC MEK Alternative

22. Green Solvent Alternative VOC Alternative Advantages
Lower, milder odour compared to MEK
Similar evaporation rate to MEK
Measured ER of This is close to the published MEK ER 4.0
May have slightly less solvent power than MEK in the above epoxy formula. This may vary dependent upon formulation and other factors.

23. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC MEK Replacement Results
Substituting the MEK with 0 VOC MEK Sub resulted in a minor 2 – 3 KU (Kreb Units) increase in viscosity.
0 VOC MEK Sub works well as a replacement for MEK in epoxy formulas.
Moisture content is well below 500 ppm, making it suitable for use in 1 and 2K polyurethane systems.

24. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC MEK Replacement Results
0 VOC MEK Sub
Oral Toxicity (LD50 Rat mg/kg)
2700
>5500
Dermal Toxicity (LD50 Rabbit mg/kg)
6480
>20,000
Long Term Organ Damage
Yes No
Central Nervous System Damage

25. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC Replacement for Acetone
A safe, effective, efficient and cost effective replacement for Acetone
Benzene-free
Non-carcinogenic
No hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)
No ozone-depleting or creator chemicals
Considered an Ultra-Low VOC Solvent (LVOC) in SCAQMD and CARB, zero VOC in 49 states
EPA Test Method 24: g/l VOC
Boeing Spec approved for Aerospace Cleaning

26. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC Acetone Replacement
A 0 VOC Acetone Sub can be used in or as:
paint formulations and cleaning
ink and marker formulations and cleaning
adhesive formulations and cleaning
hard surface cleaning
lubricating greases and oils
aerospace cleaning applications
automotive chemicals
nail polish and polish remover

27. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC Acetone Replacement
TergoSol can also be used as a:
surface preparation and precision cleaner
general purpose surface wipe cleaner
general and heavy duty degreasing

28. BTEX Solvents are Toxic Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylene (BTEX)
Proven to be serious risks to human health: asthma, lower birth weights, hearing loss and permanent damage to Central Nervous System.
BTEX solvents are major emitters of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) which create smog.
BTEX solvents pollute soil and groundwater.

29. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC Xylene Replacement
A safe, efficient, effective and cost-effective replacement for Toluene and Xylene, Parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF) and Tertiary Butyl Acetate (TBAc).
A 0 VOC Xylene Replacement:
is formulated to be benzene-free.
is non-carcinogenic.
does not contain hazardous air pollutants.
is environmentally hazardous ingredients.
has no ozone depleters or creators.
is 0 VOC and NPRI-exempt (SCAQMD Ultra low VOC 1.13 g/l).

30. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC Xylene Replacement
Designed for a variety of uses and purposes.
Can be used as a diluent for:
paints
coatings
adhesives
resins
silicones
sealants
Can also be used as a chemical diluent for:
printing ink
adhesives
lacquers
plastics
perfumes
pesticides
leather tanning
paraffin wax

31. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC Xylene Replacement
Physicochemical Property
0 VOC Xylene Sub
PCBTF
TBAc
Xylene
Toluene
Specific Gravity 25 °C)
1.00
1.34
0.86
0.87
Flashpoint (Tag Closed Cup (TCC) ºC
4.00
42.8
16.7 17 16
Boiling Point ºC
70-90
139 98
135
Appearance
Clear liquid
Clear
liquid
20 ˚C (CentiPoise Cp)
0.44
0.79
0.70
0.34
0.59
δ (Hansen solubility parameter) Hildebrand = 1 cal1/2 cm-3/2
9.18
9.15
7.77
9.36
8.88
δD (Dispersion) cal1/2 cm-3/2
7.76
8.8
7.5
9.2
δP (Polar) cal1/2 cm-3/2
3.42
2.9
3.0
1.3
0.68
δH (Hydrogen bonding) cal1/2 cm-3/2
3.46
1.9
1.15
0.98
Surface tension (dynes/cm at 20 °C)
25.03 25
22.4
27.73
Evaporation rate (n-butyl acetate = 1)
5.14
0.9
2.8
0.7
MIR (gO3/g VOC)
0.076
0.11
0.20
4.25 – 10.71
3.97
Solvency (Kb value)
90.30 64
114
105

32. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC Xylene Replacement
Experimental Data:
a clear liquid with a mild fruity, non-offensive odour
has a specific gravity of
evaporated faster than Xylene by a factor of
has a pronounced “tail” at end
Aids in flow and leveling and helps prevent unwanted dry spray

33. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC Xylene Replacement
0 VOC Solvent and Xylene Clear Tint Base Chain Stop Alkyd Formulation
Properties
Control Formula
Formula With 0 VOC Xylene Sub
Weight Solids, %
33.31
31.97
Volume Solids%
24.82
Specific Gravity
0.942
0.982
Viscosity, KU
95.2
58.1
Gloss 20⁰ / 60⁰
86.0 / 96.6
82.5 / 95.8
VOC g/l minus exempt solvent
628
543
Dust Free, mins 15 10
Tack Free, mins 20
Hard Dry, mins 30

34. Green Solvent Alternative Solvency Comparison
0 VOC solvent has better solvency and solubility than Xylene and its conventional substitutes

35. Green Solvent Alternative Toxicity Comparison
Xylene
0 VOC Xylene Sub
Oral Toxicity (LD50 Rat mg/kg)
2119
>6000
Dermal Toxicity (LD50 Rabbit mg/kg)
1700
>5,000
Long Term Organ Damage
Yes No
Central Nervous System Damage

36. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC Xylene Replacement
Conclusions
Improved odor
Improved solubility
Improved viscosity control
Reduced overall VOC content
No negative effect on:
Gloss
Flow
Tack
Film appearance
Improved dry time

37. Green Solvent Alternatives
New O VOC Compliant Solvents

38. Green Solvent Alternatives
VOC Hybrid Alternative for Hexane
An effective, O VOC replacement for Hexane, Xylene, Toluene and Percholorethylene
Designed for the dissolution of block polymers, chlorinated rubber as well as a cleaner/degreaser and co-solvent in paints, coatings, inks and adhesives.

39. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC Hybrid Hexane Replacement
Physicochemical Property
0 VOC Hexane Sub
Hexane
Perc
Xylene
Toluene
Specific Gravity 25 °C)
1.067
0.657
1.63
0.87
Flashpoint (Tag Closed Cup (TCC) ºC
20.7
-26.0
258 17 16
Boiling Point ºC
70-90 68
122
135
Appearance
Clear liquid
Clear
liquid
20 ˚C (CentiPoise Cp)
0.69
0.31
0.34
0.59
δ (Hansen solubility parameter) Hildebrand = 1 cal1/2 cm-3/2
7.72
7.24
9.27
9.36
8.88
δD (Dispersion) cal1/2 cm-3/2
6.56
7.19
8.92
9.2
8.8
δP (Polar) cal1/2 cm-3/2
2.77
0.00
2.78
1.3
0.68
δH (Hydrogen bonding) cal1/2 cm-3/2
1.52
1.15
0.98
Surface tension (dynes/cm at 20 °C)
21.14
17.89
32.0
27.73
Evaporation rate (n-butyl acetate = 1)
2.57
8.1
2.6
0.7
1.9
MIR (gO3/g VOC)
0.062
1.86
0.20
4.25 – 10.71
3.97
Solvency (Kb value)
46.4 29 90 98
105

40. Green Solvent Alternatives
O VOC Hybrid Alternative for Heptane
An effective, O VOC replacement for Heptane, Xylene, Toluene and Perchloroethylene and 111 Trichloroethtylene
An effective 50 state compliant (including SCAQMD) brake cleaner, light duty cleaning and degreasing, electronics and contact cleaner and as a co-solvent for resyn systems, paints, coatings, inks and adhesives.

41. Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC Hybrid Heptane Replacement
Physicochemical Property
0 VOC Heptane Sub
Heptane
Perc
Xylene
Toluene
Specific Gravity 25 °C)
0.936
0.696
1.63
0.87
Flashpoint (Tag Closed Cup (TCC) ºC
5.37
-4.0
258 17 16
Boiling Point ºC 59 98
122
135
Appearance
Clear liquid
Clear
liquid
20 ˚C (CentiPoise Cp)
0.58
0.31
0.34
0.59
δ (Hansen solubility parameter) Hildebrand = 1 cal1/2 cm-3/2
7.85
7.5
9.27
9.36
8.88
δD (Dispersion) cal1/2 cm-3/2
6.73
7.46
8.92
9.2
8.8
δP (Polar) cal1/2 cm-3/2
2.18
0.00
2.78
1.3
0.68
δH (Hydrogen bonding) cal1/2 cm-3/2
1.76
1.15
0.98
Surface tension (dynes/cm at 20 °C)
20.42
20.14
32.0
27.73
Evaporation rate (n-butyl acetate = 1)
3.99
2.6
0.7
1.9
MIR (gO3/g VOC)
0.0472
1.28
0.20
4.25 – 10.71
3.97
Solvency (Kb value)
47.6 28 90
105

42. Green Solvent Alternatives
O VOC Hybrid Alternative for Slow Evaporating Solvent
Designed as an O VOC replacement for Mineral Spirits, Methyl Amyl Ketone (MAK), Cyclohexane, Aromatic 100, 150 and Butyl Acetate
An effective 50 state compliant (including SCAQMD) solvent and thinner for use in architectural and industrial paints, stains, sealers, coatings, inks, adhesives, formulation and general cleaning and degreasing, parts cleaning), paint gun and paint line cleaning and as a general duty use solvent to replace mineral spirits and similar type solvents

43. Physicochemical Property
Green Solvent Alternative 0 VOC Hybrid Slow Evaporating Solvent Replacement
Physicochemical Property
0 VOC S.E. Sub
Mineral Spirits
Methyl Amyl Ketone
Aromatic 100
Butyl Acetate
Specific Gravity 25 °C)
1.190
0.79
0.815
0.87
0.88
Flashpoint (Tag Closed Cup (TCC) ºC
56.03
40.0 39 40 27
Boiling Point ºC
147.5
65-150
150
156
126
Appearance
Clear liquid
Clear
liquid
20 ˚C (CentiPoise Cp)
1.18
1.36
0.81
0.90
0.73
δ (Hansen solubility parameter) Hildebrand = 1 cal1/2 cm-3/2
8.4
7.6
8.5
δD (Dispersion) cal1/2 cm-3/2
6.78
7.71
7.9
8.7
7.7
δP (Polar) cal1/2 cm-3/2
4.04
0.05
2.78
0.3
1.8
δH (Hydrogen bonding) cal1/2 cm-3/2
1.64
0.1
2.0
0.7
3.1
Surface tension (dynes/cm at 20 °C)
24.53
24.7
32.0
29.0
25.1
Evaporation rate (n-butyl acetate = 1)
0.6
0.13
0.4
0.29
1.o
MIR (gO3/g VOC)
0.097
1.21
2.80
7.51
0.89
Solvency (Kb value)
43.94 33 NA 93

44. Summary Issues: Greenwashing Toxicity Long Term chronic exposure
Problems with alternative “green” solvents
Regulations:
Tightly revised Regulations in Massachusetts and CARB coming
MIR Value of Solvents becoming increasingly important
Overall VOC content of finished goods decreasing

45. Summary Possible Answers: EkaSol™ – O VOC replacement for MEK
TergoSol™ – O VOC replacement for Acetone
ZemaSol™ – O VOC replacement for Xylene, Toluene, TBAc, PCBTF
KradaSol ™ - O VOC Hybrid Alternative for Hexane
BerdeSol ™ - O VOC Hybrid Alternative for Heptane
ShiraSol ™ - O VOC Hybrid Slow Evaporating Solvent Replacement

46. Replacing Dirty and Toxic with Clean and Green
Thank You for watching
Replacing Dirty and Toxic with Clean and Green
David Pasin, President
TBF Environmental Technology Inc.