2. FIGHTING WITH FIRES Call For Fire

3. FIGHTING WITH FIRES CPT Chris Wade, Room 438, 545-7835 SAFETY: NONE RISK: LOW ENVIROMENTAL: NONE EVALUATION: You must receive a GO on the CFF certification. ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

4. FIGHTING WITH FIRES

5. ACTION: Request and Adjust Indirect Fires CONDITION: In a classroom environment given a 3 hr block of instruction on call for fire STANDARD: Request and Adjust Indirect fires. At a minimum student must use observer identification, warning order, target location, and target description and adjust the rounds using the mil- relation formula and the successive bracketing technique within 50 meters of target. IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30). Terminal Learning Objective

6. FIGHTING WITH FIRES Enabling Learning Objective 1 ACTION: Identify the six elements of the call for fire. CONDITION: In a classroom environment, given a list of call for fire elements. STANDARD: Identify the six elements of the call for fire IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).

7. FIGHTING WITH FIRES SIX ELEMENTS ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS 1. Identification 2. Warning Order 3. Target Location 4. Target Description OPTIONAL ELEMENTS 5.Method of Engagement 6. Method of Fire and Control

8. FIGHTING WITH FIRES 1. IDENTIFICATION FDC de OP1 THUNDER 30 de SPARTAN 30 ASSASIN 20 de APACHE 30

9. FIGHTING WITH FIRES 2. WARNING ORDER Adjust fire Fire For Effect Immediate Suppression/SMK Suppression Grid Polar Shift from Known Point NOTE: GRID IS A STANDARD MISSION FOR ARTILLERY AND MORTARS, SO IT IS NOT STATED IN THE WARNING ORDER. TYPES OF MISSIONSMETHOD OF LOCATION

10. FIGHTING WITH FIRES FIRST RADIO TRANSMISSION CONSISTING OF THE FIRST TWO ELEMENTS H39 de G40 AF K H39 de G40 AF POLAR K H39 de G40 AF SHIFT FROM KNPT 1 K

11. FIGHTING WITH FIRES 3. TARGET LOCATION 3 METHODS GRID - Min 6 digits (may send 10), plus (U/D) altitude POLAR - Direction, Distance to TGT from your location, plus (U/D) altitude SHIFT FROM KNOWN PT - Direction, R/L, Add/Drop(+/-), (U/D) altitude

12. FIGHTING WITH FIRES SECOND RADIO TRANSMISSION CONSISTING OF THE THIRD ELEMENT GRID Grid ML234356, U/D 35 POLAR DIRECTION 5430 DISTANCE 3200, U/D 50 SHIFT FROM KNOWN POINT DIR 1860, R/L 150, ADD/DROP(+/-) 600, U/D 40

13. FIGHTING WITH FIRES 4. TARGET DESCRIPTION IZE / ELEMENT 1 / PLT SNAPSNAP OMENCLATURE / NATURE T-72 / TANK CTIVITY STATIONARY ROTECTION IN THE OPEN

14. FIGHTING WITH FIRES THIRD RADIO TRANSMISSION CONSISTING OF THE FOURTH ELEMENT 3 T72s, 2 BMPs DUG IN K

15. FIGHTING WITH FIRES 5. METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT D anger Close A mmunition T rajectory

16. FIGHTING WITH FIRES 5.METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT What is Danger close for Artillery and Mortars? A mmunition What are some types of ammunition? -DPICM, WP, Smoke, SADARM, Illum T rajectory Two types: High Angle, Low Angle LOW ANGLE IS STANDARD FOR ARTILLERY D ANGER CLOSE

17. FIGHTING WITH FIRES 6. METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL W A T WHEN READY IS STANDARD *DOES NOT NEED TO BE ANNOUNCED* WHEN READY (LESS CONTROL, FASTER RESPONSE)

18. FIGHTING WITH FIRES METHOD OF CONTROL W A T AT MY COMMAND (AMC ) ABLE TO MASS FIRES AND BETTER EFFECTS

19. FIGHTING WITH FIRES METHOD OF CONTROL W A T TIME ON TARGET (TOT) STANDARD IS +/- 3 SEC RDS SHOULD BE IMPACTED ON THE GROUND WITH ROUNDS COMPLETE

20. FIGHTING WITH FIRES QUESTIONS ? WHAT IS THE STANDARD CFF MSN ** GRID ** What is the standard trajectory for artillery ? **LOW ANGLE** WHAT IS THE STANDARD AMMO FOR MTR AND ARTY ? HIGH EXPLOSIVE Which element of the cff do you specify ammo ? 5th ELEMENT, METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT

21. FIGHTING WITH FIRES

22. Enabling Learning Objective 2 ACTION: Identify the Five Rules of Direction CONDITION: In a classroom environment, given the five rules of directions. STANDARD: Identify the Five Rules of Direction without use reference material.

23. FIGHTING WITH FIRES FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION 1. O 2 M 3. G 4. 10 5. 4

24. FIGHTING WITH FIRES FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION 1. O bserver to Target

25. FIGHTING WITH FIRES FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION 1. O bserver to target 2. M ils

26. FIGHTING WITH FIRES 0000 6400 0800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 N 2. MILS

27. FIGHTING WITH FIRES FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION 1. O bserver to target 2. M ils 3. Grid

28. FIGHTING WITH FIRES FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION 3. GRID DIRECTION 6400 01000200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 1/50,000

29. FIGHTING WITH FIRES FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION 1. O bserver to target 2. M ils 3. Grid 4. Nearest 10 mils

30. FIGHTING WITH FIRES INCREMENTS OF TEN 0012= 0010 = 16301631 0017= 0020 0825= 0820

31. FIGHTING WITH FIRES FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION 1. Observer to target 2. Mils 3. Grid 4. Nearest 10 mils 5. 4 - Digits

32. FIGHTING WITH FIRES FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION 5. 4 – DIGITS/ MILS

33. FIGHTING WITH FIRES

34. Enabling Learning Objective 3 ACTION: Prepare a call for fire for a Polar Plot mission. CONDITION: In a classroom environment given Polar Plot mission information. STANDARD: Prepare a call for fire for a Polar Plot mission using the information given IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).

35. FIGHTING WITH FIRES POLAR CALL FOR FIRE FDC needs to know your location prior to Call for Fire Direction (Nearest 10 mils) Distance (Nearest 100 Meters) Change in elevation (If 35 M or greater send in increments of 5 M. If less than 35 M disregard.)

36. FIGHTING WITH FIRES DIR 1600 DIS 2200 m ALT 200 ALT 155 FDC de OP1_________k Dir_____Dis_____ / ___k 1 Tank STAT. I/O k AF POLAR 1600 220045U

37. FIGHTING WITH FIRES DIR 2100 DIS 1500 m ALT 155 ALT 145 FDC de OP1_________k Dir_____Dis_____k 1 Tank STAT. I/O k AF POLAR 2100 1500

38. FIGHTING WITH FIRES DIS 2500 ALT 300 ALT 220 FDC de OP1________ k Dir_____Dis_____ ___k 1 Tank STAT. I/O k AF POLAR 2510 250080 DIR 2510 D

39. FIGHTING WITH FIRES

40. REVIEW WHAT DOES THE FDC NEED TO KNOW PRIOR TO POLAR MSN CFF? Your location WHAT INCREMENTS DO YOU SEND DIRECTION ? TEN WHEN SENDING DISTANCE, YOU SEND IT TO THE NEAREST ? 100 METERS

41. FIGHTING WITH FIRES

42. Enabling Learning Objective 4 ACTION: Prepare a call for fire using the grid method of target location. CONDITION: Given grid mission information. STANDARD: Prepare a call for fire using the grid method of target location with the information given IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).

43. FIGHTING WITH FIRES CALL FOR FIRE FDC de OP1 AF k GRID 123456, D 50 k 1 Tank Stationary I/O k If firing an adjust fire grid mission, the FDC requires a direction (nearest 10 mils) from the observer to the target with or prior to the first correction being sent. The five rules of direction apply. DIR 1200 k

44. FIGHTING WITH FIRES REVIEW What is min# of digits required by FDC ? 6-DIGITS FDC CAN TAKE UP TO TEN WHEN DO YOU STATE DIRECTION WITH THE GRID MISSION ? AFTER YOUR 3 rd TRANSMISSION OR BEFORE YOUR FIRST CORRECTION

45. FIGHTING WITH FIRES

46. Enabling Learning Objective 5 ACTION: Prepare a call for fire using the shift from known point method of target location. CONDITION: Given shift from known point information. STANDARD: Prepare a call for fire using the shift from known point method of target location with the information given IAW FM 3-09.30 (FM 6-30).

47. FIGHTING WITH FIRES Shift from know point format FDC de OP1, AF Shift from kn pt___, k DIR____L/R____+/-____U/D____, k 3 T-72 stationary, I/O, k

48. FIGHTING WITH FIRES WORM FORMULA W = R x M Used to determine the LEFT or RIGHT lateral shift from the know point to the target in meters. “W” is the LEFT or RIGHT shift that is transmitted to the FDC. “R” is the range from the Observer to the known point, divided by one thousand. “M” is the difference in MILS from the known point direction and the target direction.

49. FIGHTING WITH FIRES Shift From Known Point Direction (Nearest 10 mils) (Five rules of direction apply) Lateral shift (Minimum of 30 meters and sent to the Nearest 10 Meters) Range (Nearest 100 Meters) Change in elevation (If more than 35 m send in increments of 5 m. If less than 35 m disregard.)

50. FIGHTING WITH FIRES DIR 1000 OBSERVER TARGET KN PT 1 L 70 DIR 1100 DIS 700 W=RXMW=RXM.7 x 100 L70 = Determine the lateral shift….

51. FIGHTING WITH FIRES DIR 4500 OBSERVER TARGET KN PT 1 L100 DIR 4580 DIS 1300 W=RXMW=RXM 1.3 x80 L 104 = L 100 Determine the lateral shift….

52. FIGHTING WITH FIRES OBSERVER KN PT 2 W=RXMW=RXM 2 x40 R 80 = DIR 1760 DIS 2000 DIR 1800 R 80 Determine the lateral shift….

53. FIGHTING WITH FIRES DETERMINING RANGE CORRECTION The observer determines the difference (range change) in range from the known point and target. If the target is beyond the known point, his correction would be ADD (so many meters). If the target is short of the known point his correction would be DROP (so many meters).

54. FIGHTING WITH FIRES DIS 1300 OBSERVER TARGET KNPT 1 DIS 700 Target is beyond known point. Correction is ADD 600 meters

55. FIGHTING WITH FIRES OBSERVER TARGET KN PT 1 DIS 1200 Target is Short known point. Correction is DROP 700 meters DIS 1900

56. FIGHTING WITH FIRES DIRECTION 4500 DISTANCE 1700 ALT 300 OBSERVER KN PT 1 DIRECTION 4650 DISTANCE 1500 ALT 230 FDC: H30 OBS: K16 H30 de K16 AF Shift from KN Pt 1 k DIR 4650 R 260 DROP 200 Dn 70 k 1 Tank Stationary I/O k COMPLETE THE CALL FOR FIRE….

57. FIGHTING WITH FIRES DIRECTION 0100 DISTANCE 2600 ALT 200 OBSERVER KN PT 2 DIRECTION 0210 DISTANCE 1900 ALT100 FDC: H30 OBS: K16 H30 de K16 AF Shift from Kn Pt 2 k DIR 0100 L 210 ADD 700 UP 100 k 1 Tank Stationary I/O k COMPLETE THE CALL FOR FIRE….

58. FIGHTING WITH FIRES DIRECTION 0630 DISTANCE 2600 ALT 250 OBSERVER KN PT 3 DIRECTION 0790 DISTANCE 1900 ALT 270 FDC: H30 OBS: K16 H30 de K16 AF Shift from Kn Pt 3 k DIR 0630 L 300 ADD 700 k 1 Tank Stationary I/O k COMPLETE THE CALL FOR FIRE….

59. FIGHTING WITH FIRES REVIEW When doing a shift mission, what does W represent in the worm formula? The L/R lateral shift What is the min. deviation correction sent? 30 meters What does FDC need to know when doing a shift mission? THE TGT NUMBER OR KN POINT YOU ARE SHIFTING FROM When doing a shift mission, what does R represent in the worm formula? Range to the Kn point from the observer and divided by 1000

60. FIGHTING WITH FIRES Enabling Learning Objective 6 ACTION: Identify elements of the Message To Observer (MTO). CONDITION: Given a list of the elements of the Message To Observer (MTO). STANDARD: Identify the elements of the Message to Observer (MTO) without the use of reference materials.

61. FIGHTING WITH FIRES MESSAGE TO OBSERVER Call sign of unit(s) to fire Changes to Call for fire Number of rounds per tube in FFE Target Number B HE/VT in effect 2 rounds AB2001

62. FIGHTING WITH FIRES Enabling Learning Objective 7 ACTION: Make subsequent corrections. CONDITION: Given a target and impacting rounds STANDARD: Make subsequent corrections using the successive bracketing method to achieve effects within 50 meters of the target with a maximum of five rounds.

63. FIGHTING WITH FIRES ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURES The observer makes corrections to move the round to the target. Corrections are sent to the FDC as LEFT/RIGHT to the nearest 10 meters corrections, ADD/DROP (range corrections) NOTE: corrections less than 30 meters are not sent

64. FIGHTING WITH FIRES OT FACTOR The OT Factor is used to determine the LEFT/RIGHT deviation correction. To determine the OT factor when the OT range is greater than 1000 meters, the range from the observer to the target (OT distance) is divided by 1000 and expressed as a whole number,if it ends in a.5 round to the nearest even whole number.(I.e. 1.5 is 2) For an OT range less than 1000 meters, the distance is divided by 1000 and expressed as a decimal/number (i.e. 0.7).

65. FIGHTING WITH FIRES OT FACTOR OT DISTANCE 4000 = 4 3500 = 3.5 2500 = 2.5 1500 =1.5 900 =.9 OT FACTOR = 4 = 2 =.9 NOTE: USE ARTILLERY EXPRESSION WHEN DETERMINING OT FACTOR

66. FIGHTING WITH FIRES OT FACTOR OT DISTANCE 9500 = 9.5 8500 = 8.5 2600 = 2.6 6500 =6.5 3400 =3.4 OT FACTOR = 10 = 8 = 3 = 6 = 3 NOTE: USE ARTILLERY EXPRESSION WHEN DETERMINING OT FACTOR

67. FIGHTING WITH FIRES SPOTTING By using the reticle pattern inside a pair of military binoculars or the Hand method the observer can determine the number of mils between the impacting round and the target (DEVIATION CORRECTION). The spotting is the number of mils between the round and the target that is measured with the binocular reticle pattern or the Hand method. The reticle tick marks are in increments of 10 mils.

68. FIGHTING WITH FIRES Spotting

69. FIGHTING WITH FIRES DEVIATION CORRECTION To determine the deviation correction you must multiply the spotting times the OT Factor OT DISTANCE (METERS) OT FACTOR SPOTTINGDEVIATION CORRECTION 4000 2500 3400 1500 4 2 3 2 45R 100L 20L 20R L 180 R 200 R 60 L 40

70. FIGHTING WITH FIRES OT 2 CORR = L60

71. FIGHTING WITH FIRES OT 2 CORR = R80

72. FIGHTING WITH FIRES OT 1 Deviation corrections less than 30 not sent CORR = L20

73. FIGHTING WITH FIRES HAND METHOD TO DETERMINE SPOTTING 300 Mils 180 Mils 125 Mils 100 Mils 70 Mils 30 Mils

74. FIGHTING WITH FIRES RANGE CORRECTIONS Successive Bracketing Range corrections are based on whether the round impacts OVER or SHORT of the target. The first range correction is based on the FO's best judgment as to the correct range change. The goal is to establish a bracket, that is, one round OVER and one round SHORT of the target. As the bracket is established, the FO continues to split his bracket in half.

75. FIGHTING WITH FIRES FIRST ROUND IMPACTS APROX 350 METERS OVER THE TGT DROP 400 ADD 200 DROP 100 ADD 50 FFE SUCCESSIVE BRACKETING HALF YOUR RANGE CORRECTION EACH TIME

76. FIGHTING WITH FIRES REVIEW YOU’VE SPOTTED A PLATOON ASSEMBLY AREA IN THE OPEN LOCATED, AT VICINITY GRID 675201,WITH A DIRECTION OF 2810. FDC de OP1 AF k GRID 675201 k PLT ASSEMBLY AREA k DIR 2810 k NOTE you can send direction after the third transmission or along with your first adjustment correction …..

77. FIGHTING WITH FIRES

81. CORR = L80 DROP 400k R40 OT 2 DIR 2810

82. FIGHTING WITH FIRES CORR = R 40 ADD 200 k

83. FIGHTING WITH FIRES 2 CORR = L 40 DROP 100 k OT X SPOT R 20

84. FIGHTING WITH FIRES 2 X CORR = ADD 50 FFE k OT X SPOT R 10 Deviation corrections less than 30 not sent

85. FIGHTING WITH FIRES END OF MSN, TGT DESTROYED

86. FIGHTING WITH FIRES REVIEW YOUR AT A RD INTERSECTION, YOU SPOT AN ENEMY OP IN THE TREELINE AT A DISTANCE OF 4100M. YOUR SMALL ARMS WPNS CANNOT RANGE IT. YOUR DIRECTION TO THE OP IS 0800 mils. YOU ARE AT VICINITY GRID 246810. FDC de OP1 AF POLAR k DIR. 0800 DIS. 4100 k ENEMY OP IN TREELINE k

87. FIGHTING WITH FIRES

88. REVIEW You have been sitting on an OP all day and you have destroyed several targets and established known points on the battlefield. You observed a T- 72 dug in. AB3000 Grid 345753 DIR 1400 DIS 2000 ALT 100 TARGET Grid 348755 DIR 1480 DIS 2400 ALT 200 OP LOC Grid 353801 Alt 250

89. FIGHTING WITH FIRES CALL FOR FIRE FDC de OP1 AF Shift From AB3000k DIR 1480 R 160 ADD 400 UP 100 k 1 T-72 dug in k

90. FIGHTING WITH FIRES

91. CORR = R 8 0 DROP 400 k 2 OT

92. FIGHTING WITH FIRES CORR = DROP 200 k

93. FIGHTING WITH FIRES CORR = L 4 0 ADD 100 k

94. FIGHTING WITH FIRES CORR = DROP 50 FFE k

95. FIGHTING WITH FIRES END OF MSN, TGT DESTROYED

96. FIGHTING WITH FIRES

97. QUESTIONS ??????

98. FIGHTING WITH FIRES REVIEW When do send your location for a Polar msn BEFORE you initiate your call for fire.. How do you make deviation corrections? OT factor X Spotting Your OT distance is 3500 meter what is your OT factor 4. Distance to the Kn Pt is 3500M….M is 100m What is the lateral shift in meters 350 meters.

99. FIGHTING WITH FIRES REVIEW What’s the standard trajectory for Artillery LOW ANGLE When using the Hand Method what does 2 fingers represent. 70 mils

100. FIGHTING WITH FIRES END OF MISSION Terminal Learning Objective ACTION: Request and Adjust Indirect Fires. CONDITION: In a classroom environment given a 3hr block of instruction on call for fire. STANDARD: Request and Adjust Indirect fires. At a minimum student must use observer identification, warning order, target location, and target description and adjust the rounds using the mil-relation formula and the successive bracketing technique within 50 meters of target. IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).

101. FIGHTING WITH FIRES