A A A (OF) D J U S T M E N R T I L E Y E R I A L.

A A A (OF) D J U S T M E N R T I L E Y E R I A L

WOW! Look, Mommy! I see a cool Army aviator!

Aerial Adjustment Of Artillery

Fire Support Instructor Email: william.alley@conus.army.mil
ED ALLEY Fire Support Instructor Bldg 5911 Rm 312 Ph#: /

Fire Support Instructor
Ed Alley Fire Support Instructor Bldg 5911, Rm 312 Ph#: DSN: (334)

CWO BLUME Fire Support Instructor Bldg 5911, Rm 325 Ph#: DSN: HOME:

Mr. Smith Fire Support Instructor Bldg 5911, Rm 308 Ph#: DSN:

RULES OF ENGAGEMENT (ROE)
Food/Drink OK but keep the room & tables clean. Clean off maps. Break areas: Snacks, Latrines, Smoking If you are sleepy, do pushups! No Tobacco except on breaks Cells off or silent mode! Learn & Have fun!

Coffee ROE 1. Unplug pot when it is nearly empty.
2. Use stir sticks to stir coffee (not spoons). 3. Spoon in creamer can and with sugar. No H1N1 zone.

SHELTER SINCGARS CFFT Men Exit Door Contractor Ladies Sink Water
snacks Ladies Men SHELTER Sink Water Contractor HVAC control Service

SHELTER SINCGARS CFFT Men Exit Door Contractor Contractor Ladies Sink
snacks Ladies Men SHELTER Sink Water HVAC control Contractor Contractor Service

RULES OF ENGAGEMENT Drinks must have a lid! Keep the room clean
Clean off maps Break areas: Snacks, Latrines, Smoking Cell phones, pagers, & 2-way wireless devices off! If you are sleepy… standup!

Terminal Learning Objectives
ACTION: Perform call for fire. CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout. STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

References FM 6-20-10 The Targeting Process
FM Fire Support at BN TF and Below FM Observed Fire FM The Field Artillery Cannon Battery FM Operational Terms and Graphics ST Battery XO Leaders Handbook AMC-P Complete Round Chart of Artillery Ammunitions

Administrative Notes SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: NONE
RISK ASSESSMENT LEVEL: LOW ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: NONE EXAM: 33 questions covering all material. Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

FIELD ARTILLERY KING OF BATTLE

MISSION OF THE FIELD ARTILLERY
The mission of the field artillery is to destroy, neutralize, or suppress the enemy by cannon, rocket, and missile fire, (or non-lethal means) and to help integrate all fire support assets into combined arms operations. The mission of the field artillery is to destroy, neutralize, or suppress the enemy by cannon, rocket and missile fire, and to help integrate all fire support assets into the combined arms operations. a. As the Company FSO, you are the fire support expert for the maneuver company commander. The most basic skill required of the company FSO is to perform as an observer for the company commander. Additionally, you are responsible for training the forward observers that are part of your FIST. In order to conduct training, you must first be a skilled observer, able to locate targets, and bring fire upon them. b. During this class you will learn different techniques to accurately locate targets and bring fire upon them. It is up to you to apply these techniques to train your forward observers and to effectively engage enemy targets on the battlefield.

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE A
ACTION: Select the six elements in a standard call for fire. CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout. STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

Call for Fire “A1H16 de A1H34, AF, k” “Grid AC 634328, k”
“Sniper, in a concrete high rise, Excaliber i/e, AMC, k” FM 6-30 pg 4-7 4

CALL FOR FIRE LANGUAGE OF THE ARTILLERY STANDARD FORMAT 6 ELEMENTS
3 TRANSMISSIONS

THE CALL FOR FIRE The “Meat and Potatoes” of what Observers do!!!
Why do you need to know this???

1 = “1 round” Abbreviations de = “this is” K = “over”
i/e = “in effect” i/o = “in the open” i/a = “in adjustment” Because of the large amount of information that some times needs to written down a standardized short hand has been developed by artillerymen. 1 = “1 round”

CALL FOR FIRE FORMAT I - OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION
W - WARNING ORDER/METHOD OF TARGET LOCATION L - TARGET LOCATION D - TARGET DESCRIPTION M - METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT M - METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL 1 2 3

CALL FOR FIRE FORMAT OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION

I. Observer Identification
FDC Callsign is “B1S40” Observer Callsign is “B1S30” “B1S40 de B1S30” a. Observer Identification: This element of the call for fire tells the FDC who is calling for fire. e.g. "Sierra 40 de Sierra 30". Use Phonetic Alphabet

CALL FOR FIRE FORMAT OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION
WARNING ORDER/METHOD OF TARGET LOCATION

II. Warning Order Type of Mission: Adjust Fire Fire For Effect
Suppress Immediate Suppression Immediate Smoke b. Warning Order: The warning order clears the net for the fire mission and tells the FDC the type of mission and the type of target location that will be used. The warning order consists of the type of mission, the size of the element to fire for effect, and the method of target location. It is a request for fire unless prior authority has been given to order fire. FM 6-30 pg 4-1/2

e.g. "Sierra 40 de Sierra 30, AF, over".
Adjust Fire “S40 de S30, AF, K” Fire for Effect (a) Adjust fire. When the observer believes that an adjustment must be made (because of questionable target location or lack of registration corrections). e.g. "Sierra 40 de Sierra 30, AF, over". “S40 de S30, FFE, K”

e.g. "Sierra 40 de Sierra 30, FFE, over".
Fire for Effect “S40 de S30, FFE, K” (b) Fire for Effect. The observer should always strive for first-round FFE. The accuracy required to fire for effect depends on the accuracy of target location the ammunition being used, and the meeting of the other 4 requirements for accurate, predicted fires. e.g. "Sierra 40 de Sierra 30, FFE, over".

B. Method of Target Location:
II. Warning Order (Continued) B. Method of Target Location: (1) Grid (Default.) (2) Polar (Include Observer location.) (3) Shift KN PT/ TGT (Include name / #.) (3) Method of Target Location - Polar Plot - Laser Polar - Shift from Known Point - Grid e.g. "S40 de S30, AF, Polar, over" ELO 6: Determine target location. (Application) .Target Location: This enables the FDC to plot the location of the target to determine firing data. FM 6-30 pg 4-2

Example Transmissions:
II. Warning Order (Continued) Example Transmissions: (1) “S40 de S30, AF, K” (2) “S40 de S30, AF, Polar, (Observer Location) AB , K” (3) “S40 de S30, AF, Shift Known Point 1, K” These are the examples of the how “a warning order” is given to alert the FDC of how target location will be derived. This is necessary to give the FDC the extra time necessary to compute the data with all methods other than the grid method of target location. FM 6-30 pg 4-2

WARNING ORDER/METHOD OF TARGET LOCATION TARGET LOCATION

III. Target Location Grid: “Grid AB123456, K”
Polar: “Dir 310°mag, Dis 3200m, K” Shift: “Dir 170°, L190, +400, D45, K” (1) Grid: Six-place grids are normally sent to the FDC. Eight digit grids are used for registrations or other points for which greater accuracy is needed. e.g. "Grid , over" (2)Polar Plot: Observer's location must be known by the FDC. The observer then transmits OT direction and distance. A vertical shift tells the FDC how far above or below the target is from the observer's altitude. This data is then used for the computation of firing data. Note to Instructor: Emphasize vertical shifts are not announced unless they are =>35 meters. e.g. "Dir 3700, Dis 3200, U90, over" (3) Shift from Known Point: The observer transmits: (a) Known Point (in first transmission) (b) OT Direction (c) Lateral shift (left or right). (d) Range shift (add or drop) to the nearest 100 meters. (e) Vertical shift (up or down) to the nearest 5 meters. e.g. "Dir 1670, L190, +400, U70, over" (4) Laser Polar: this method is used if a laser with direction determining capabilities is present, you will have a complete class on this method in the second block of instruction Note to instructor: Laser data is sent to the nearest 1 mil and nearest 10 meters FM 6-30 pg 4-2

WARNING ORDER/METHOD OF TARGET LOCATION TARGET LOCATION TARGET DESCRIPTION

IV. Target Description (Last Mandatory CFF Element)
Word picture of the target: Type of Element # of Elements What is it doing Degree of protection “Infantry Platoon, stationary, i/o, K” FM 6-30 pg 4-3

IV. Target Description (Last Mandatory CFF Element)
“Infantry Platoon, stationary, i/o, K” “3 Tanks, Moving on road, i/o, K” FM 6-30 pg 4-3

WARNING ORDER/METHOD OF TARGET LOCATION TARGET LOCATION TARGET DESCRIPTION METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT

Type of Adjustment: V. Method of Engagement (1) Area Fire
(2) Precision Fire: Used only with Registration / Precision munitions f. Method of Engagement: The observer may indicate how he wants to attack the target. This element consists of the type of adjustment, trajectory, ammunition, and distribution. (a) Type of Adjustment: Two types of adjustment may be employed - precision and area. Precision fire is requested by the FO announcing “Destruction”. Registration is requested by the FO announcing “Registration” . Unless precision fire is specified, area fire is used. (1)Area fire is used to attack an area target. The adjustment should be as quick as possible, consistent with accuracy to keep the target from escaping. (2) Precision fire is conducted with one weapon on a point target. It is used either to obtain a registration or destroy a target. FM 6-30 pg 4-3

METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT TYPE OF ADJUSTMENT DANGER CLOSE
600 meters for mortars and artillery 750 meters for 5” or smaller naval fire 1000 meters for greater than 5” less than 16” naval fire 2000 meters for 16” naval or MLRS fires MARK TRAJECTORY Low Angle High Angle AMMUNITION DISTRIBUTION BCS Sheaf Open Converged Linear

METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT DANGER CLOSE 600 meters for mortars and artillery
750 meters for 5” or smaller naval fire 1000 meters for greater than 5” less than 16” naval fire 2000 meters for 16” naval or MLRS fires MARK TRAJECTORY Low Angle High Angle AMMUNITION DISTRIBUTION BCS Sheaf Open Converged Linear

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)
Trajectory (1) Low (d.) Trajectory. Low Angle fire is standard. High Angle fire must be requested. e.g. "INF Platoon Dug In, High Angle, Over" FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM pg 6-6

Trajectory: (]) Low: Default. (2) High: Once announced remains in effect until cancelled. D. Trajectory (2) High angle fires are normally used to attack targets in defilade, or to clear crest that would prevent an attack by low angle fire. As a field artillery officer we must realize we will sacrifice a degree of accuracy and slow down the rate of fire when high angle fire is called for. However, because of the angle of fall the pattern of the burst is more circular than eliptical and normally has greater effects on the target. “T-62 behind hill, High Angle, K” FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM pg 6-6

Low Angle

High Angle Fire FM 6-30 pg 7-3 / FM pg 9-8

e. Ammunition: (1) In adjustment/In effect projectile (HE) (2) In adjustment/In effect fuze (Q)(VT) (3) Volume of fire in the FFE (1) (e) Ammunition. The observer should address both the adjusting and/or the FFE shell fuze combination at this part of the CFF. Shell HE, fuze quick, one round is normally used in adjustment and is the default. The observer must always transmit a recommended SH/FZ to fire, unless he wants one round, HE, Q, which is the default. The observer may request: (1) Projectile, such as illumination, ICM, and smoke, either in adjustment or in fire for effect. (2) Fuze, such as quick or time. (3) Volume of fire, observer may request number of rounds. e.g. " 2 Hind Ds Refueling, WP i/a, VT i/e, 3 RDS, over" FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM pg 6-6

Ammunition Example Transmissions:
“2 Mi-24s fueling i/o, WP, 3 rds i/e, K” “3 BMPs i/o, WP i/a, ICM i/e, K”

Ammunition (4) Distribution (Manual FDC) [a] Parallel Sheaf (4) Distribution. The type of sheaf the FDC fires depends on your target description. (1) Parallel: In a manual FDC (Army), If sheaf is not specified the FDC will fire a parallel sheaf. With this type of sheaf, All the pieces are given one set of data and all rounds impact about the target based on the location of the guns. All trajectories are parallel. SHEAF – planned fires that produce a desired pattern of bursts with rounds fired by two or more weapons. FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM pg 6-6

Parallel Sheaf

Parallel Sheaf The relations ship of the target as it moves to the left or right of the GTL will influence the impact of the rounds.

Ammunition (4) Distribution (Manual FDC) [a] Parallel Sheaf (b) Converged Sheaf (b) Converged: This is the standard sheaf for Marine manual FDC. A converged sheaf the corrections are computed so all the aimpoints for all howitzers is the center of the target. This can also be used on small, hard targets. FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-7 / FM pg 6-6

Ammunition (4) Distribution (Manual FDC) [a] Parallel Sheaf (b) Converged Sheaf (c) Open Sheaf (c) Open: For an open sheaf, aimpoints are separated one effective burst width, evenly distributed along a line perpendicular to the GT Line. FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM pg 6-6

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6
Open Sheaf With the open sheaf, like the parallel sheaf, the target location in relation to the GTL influence the impact of the rounds. FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM pg 6-6

Ammunition (4) Distribution (Automated FDC) (d) Special [i] Circular Sheaf (d) Special: There are four special sheafs. Your gunnery instructor will go into greater detail with you on this. Unless otherwise requested, an automated FDC assumes a circular sheaf with a 100-meter radius. The computer determines individual weapon aim points to distribute the bursts about the target to obtain the best effects on the target in accordance with: FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM pg 6-6

Ammunition (4) Distribution (Automated FDC) (d) Special [i] Circular Sheaf (ii) Rectangular Sheaf Length > 250 meters and Width > 250 meters FM pg 1-26

Ammunition Rectangular Sheaf Length > 250 meters and Width > 250 meters FM pg 1-26

Rectangular Sheaf WIDTH LENGTH & ATTITUDE X = Aim Points
(ii) Rectangular: The sheaf is described by a length, width, and attitude. Aim points are evenly distributed along two lines equal to the length and parallel to the attitude specified. LENGTH & ATTITUDE X = Aim Points FM pg 1-26

Ammunition (4) Distribution (Automated FDC) (d) Special [i] Circular Sheaf (ii) Rectangular Sheaf (iii) Linear Sheaf Length > 250 meters < 600 meters FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / Square to FM pg 1-26

Ammunition Linear Sheaf Length > 250 meters < 600 meters FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / Square to FM pg 1-26

Ammunition (4) Distribution (Automated FDC) (d) Special [i] Circular Sheaf (ii) Rectangular Sheaf (iii) Linear Sheaf (iv) Irregular Sheaf Describe target by best means. Length, Width, and Attitude, or Multiple Grids. FM 6-30 pg 7-10

Irregular Sheaf X FM 6-30 pg 7-10 = Aim Points
(iv) Irregular: The sheaf is described by a series of grids. Aim points are evenly distributed along the length of the sheaf. X = Aim Points FM 6-30 pg 7-10

Distribution DEFAULT BCS Sheaf: e.g. "T72 i/o, HE i/e, converged sheaf, over" Computer Generated

BC Sheaf X FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6 = Aim Points
(i) Circular: The sheaf is described by a grid and a radius. Aim points are evenly distributed on a concentric circle half the radius specified. X = Aim Points FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM pg 6-6

Distribution “OPEN e.g. "T72 i/o, HE i/e, converged sheaf, over"

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6
Open Sheaf FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM pg 6-6

Distribution Converged Sheaf e.g. "T72 i/o, HE i/e, converged sheaf, over"

Converged Sheaf FM 6-30 pg 5-7

Distribution Linear Sheaf e.g. "T72 i/o, HE i/e, converged sheaf, over"

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / Square to FM 6-20-20 pg 1-27
Linear Sheaf OR TWO END POINTS CENTER GRID ATTITUDE & LENGTH (iii) Linear: The sheaf is described by a length, width, and attitude or by two end point grids. Aim points are evenly distributed along the length of the sheaf on the attitude specified. X = Aim Points FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / Square to FM pg 1-27

Ammunition Distribution (e) Spread (i) Range (ii) Lateral These types of distrubutions are used when using shell illumination. In a few weeks you will have a class on these techneques. FM 6-30 pg 6-8, 6-9

CALL FOR FIRE FORMAT METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL 1 2 3
OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION WARNING ORDER/METHOD OF TARGET LOCATION TARGET LOCATION TARGET DESCRIPTION METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL 1 2 3

METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL
AT MY COMMAND (AMC) CANNOT OBSERVE TIME ON TARGET (TOT) CONTINUOUS ILLUMINATION COORDINATED ILLUMINATION CONTINUOUS FIRE CEASE LOADING CHECK FIRING

VI. Method of Fire and Control
Cease Loading: Routine. Target destroyed before all rounds have been fired. Gunline fires rounds in the howitzer and does not load anymore rounds.

Check Firing: Big Deal! (-like calling MAYDAY!) All units on the net stop firing immediately. Gunbunnies immediately move away from howitzer, even if rounds are in the tube.

METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL
AT MY COMMAND (AMC) CANNOT OBSERVE TIME ON TARGET (TOT) CONTINUOUS ILLUMINATION COORDINATED ILLUMINATION CONTINUOUS FIRE CEASE LOADING CHECK FIRING REPEAT FOLLOWED BY WHEN READY (DEFAULT)

At My Command: Once established it is in effect until cancelled. “T-72 i/o, ICM i/e, AMC, K” In this example every adjusting round will be at the observer’s command. (1.) At My Command. Used when the observer wants to control the time of delivery. AMC remains active for all rounds until cancelled by the observer. If AMC is specified in the initial CFF, all rounds, including the adjusting rounds are AMC. e.g. "T72 i/o, ICM i/e, AMC, over" FM 6-30 pg 4-5

(1) When Ready (2) At My Command (3) Cannot Observe
VI. Method of Fire and Control (1) When Ready (2) At My Command (3) Cannot Observe (4) Time on target “IN Co AA i/o, ICM, TOT 0900, K” (2) Cannot Observe. indicates that the observer cannot see the target; however he feels that the target is there and is important enough to fire upon. e.g. "Suspected radar site, ICM i/e, cannot observe, over" FM 6-30 pg 4-5

Types of Method of Control normally not sent in initial CFF: (4) Contin. ILLUM (5) Coord. ILLUM (6) Contin. Fire (7) Cease Loading (8) Check Firing (9) Repeat (10) Followed by (11) Splash These are some additional items that included in Method of control. Continous and Coordinated Illumination are use in Illuminations missions and you will have a class on this in about a couple of weeks. Continous fire just as it sounds the firing element will contniue to fire until either told to stop or they run out of ammuntions. Cease loading and check firing are normally not given in the intial CFF. The term cease loading tells the firing element to fire the rounds that are loaded and stop firing. Check Firing is a tempary halt on the firing, once given the element will stop firing even until taken out of check firing. Followed by is used to specify specific shell fuze combinations, ie intial attack of the target with one munition “followed by” another. “Request Splash” is transmited to the FDC to request they transmit “splash” five seconds prior to the function of either the adjusting round or the first round fired in a FFE. “Hind refueling, HE followed by WP, k” FM 6-30 pg 4-5

Sample Grid Mission “H16 de H34, AF, k” “Grid AC 634328, k”
“POL site i/o, WP i/e, AMC, k” FM 6-30 pg 4-7 4

Sample Polar Plot Mission
1st Transmission: “H16 de H34, AF, polar, AA , k” 2nd Transmission: “Dir 090° magnetic, Dis 3100, U40, k” 3rd Transmission: “Infantry squad in the prone, ICM i/e, k” FM 6-30 pg 4-8 3

Sample Shift Mission “H16 de H34, AF, shift KN PT 1, k”
“DIR 010° mag, L 320, + 400, U 60, k” “2 BMPs i/o, ICM i/e, k” FM 6-30 pg 4-5 5

How many elements in a CFF?
6 How many transmissions and elements per transmission? 3 and 2, 1, & 1-3

List the six elements. I, W, L, D, M,M
What information is contained in each element? > I : ID > W: AF, FFE, Immediate Suppression, Immediate Smoke, Suppression Grid, Shift, Polar > L: Location to match method in Warning Order > D: Description. Incl #, size, activity, cover, etc > M: Method of engagement. Danger close, Marking > M: Method of Control. AMC, TOT, WR, Repeat, etc

Scrambled CFF Given: VT i/e, AF, F23 de G46,
grid AB , at my command, troops dug-in, Answer: F23 de G46, AF, k Grid AB , k Troops dug-in, VT i/e, AMC, k 6

Scrambled CFF Given: BMP with dismounts, FFE, ICM,
DIS 4600, polar, DIR 020° mag, W18 de Z24, (obs loc) AB Answer: W18 de Z24, FFE, polar, AB , k Dir 020° mag, Dis 4600, k BMP with dismounts, ICM, k 7

Scrambled CFF Given: AF, shift KN PT 3, R 400, ZSU 23-4 i/o, + 800, Dir 330°mag, ICM i/e, J33 de K42 Answer: J33 de K42, AF, shift KN PT 3, k Dir 330°mag, R 400, + 800, k ZSU 23-4 i/o, ICM i/e, k 8

Talking Dogs

QUESTIONS?

AAA – Day 2 – Abbreviated Schedule.

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE B
ACTION: List the elements of the message to observer (MTO). CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout. STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

Message to Observer (MTO)
1. Unit to fire 2. Adjusting unit Changes or additions to CFF 4. Number of rounds in FFE 5. TGT number Additional information After receiving the call for fire, the FDC determines if, when ,and how to attack the target. That decision is announced to the observer in the form of a message to observer and consists of the following items: 1. Unit to fire for effect. The last letter in the call sign of the unit which will fire for effect is reported to the observer. Note to instructor. A full unit call sign by the SOI would be T8M27. The abbreviated call sign for that unit is M27. Therefore, the last letter of the call sign would be M. 2. Unit to adjust. Is sent only if different from the unit to fire for effect. If only one letter is announced in the MTO, then that unit is conducting both adjustments and the fire for effect. 3. Changes to the call for fire. The FDC informs the observer of any changes that are made in his original request for fire. This will include, but is not limited to, shell/fuze combinations, distribution, trajectory, etc. 4. Number of rounds. The number of rounds per tube in the fire for effect. 5. Target Number. The target number assigned to the mission. Note to instructor. Give examples of the message to observer. e.g. "MTO T, G, VT i/e, 4 rounds, AA7732, over" 13. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. The following additional information is transmitted with or after the message to observer. a. If the probable error in range for an area mission equals or exceeds 38 meters, the FDC will inform the observer. For precision fire, the FDC will inform the observer if the probable error range equals or exceeds 25 meters. b. Angle T is sent to the observer when it equals or exceeds 500 mils or if the observer requests it. It is announced to the nearest 100 mils. For example, if angle T is 580 mils, it is announced as Angle T 600. c. Time of Flight. Time of flight is sent to an observer during a moving target mission, during an aerial observer mission, during a high angle mission, and for shell HE in a coordinated illumination mission when using BY SHELL AT MY COMMAND, or when requested FM 6-30 pg 4-6 8

Unit to fire Delta 2. Adjusting unit Tango 3. Changes or additions to CFF VT i/e 4. Number of rounds in FFE 3 5. TGT number AA7503 Additional information TOF 62 After receiving the call for fire, the FDC determines if, when ,and how to attack the target. That decision is announced to the observer in the form of a message to observer and consists of the following items: 1. Unit to fire for effect. The last letter in the call sign of the unit which will fire for effect is reported to the observer. Note to instructor. A full unit call sign by the SOI would be T8M27. The abbreviated call sign for that unit is M27. Therefore, the last letter of the call sign would be M. 2. Unit to adjust. Is sent only if different from the unit to fire for effect. If only one letter is announced in the MTO, then that unit is conducting both adjustments and the fire for effect. 3. Changes to the call for fire. The FDC informs the observer of any changes that are made in his original request for fire. This will include, but is not limited to, shell/fuze combinations, distribution, trajectory, etc. 4. Number of rounds. The number of rounds per tube in the fire for effect. 5. Target Number. The target number assigned to the mission. Note to instructor. Give examples of the message to observer. e.g. "MTO T, G, VT i/e, 4 rounds, AA7732, over" 13. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. The following additional information is transmitted with or after the message to observer. a. If the probable error in range for an area mission equals or exceeds 38 meters, the FDC will inform the observer. For precision fire, the FDC will inform the observer if the probable error range equals or exceeds 25 meters. b. Angle T is sent to the observer when it equals or exceeds 500 mils or if the observer requests it. It is announced to the nearest 100 mils. For example, if angle T is 580 mils, it is announced as Angle T 600. c. Time of Flight. Time of flight is sent to an observer during a moving target mission, during an aerial observer mission, during a high angle mission, and for shell HE in a coordinated illumination mission when using BY SHELL AT MY COMMAND, or when requested FM 6-30 pg 4-6 8

Example Transmission: “MTO, D, T, VT i/e, 4 rds, TGT # AA7732, 34 secs, K” 8

OTHER INFORMATION READY Battery is laid and ready to fire

OTHER INFORMATION SHOT Rounds are leaving the tubes
READY: Battery is laid and ready to fire SHOT Rounds are leaving the tubes

OTHER INFORMATION SPLASH XMITED 5 seconds before impact
READY: Battery is laid and ready to fire SHOT: Rounds are leaving the tubes SPLASH XMITED 5 seconds before impact

OTHER INFORMATION ROUNDS COMPLETE FFE is complete
READY: Battery is laid and ready to fire SHOT: Rounds are leaving the tubes SPLASH: XMITED 5 seconds before impact ROUNDS COMPLETE FFE is complete

QUESTIONS?

1. Unit to fire Delta 2. Adjusting unit Tango 3. Changes or additions to CFF VT i/e 4. Number of rds in FFE 3 5. TGT number AA7503 Additional information TOF 62 After receiving the call for fire, the FDC determines if, when ,and how to attack the target. That decision is announced to the observer in the form of a message to observer and consists of the following items: 1. Unit to fire for effect. The last letter in the call sign of the unit which will fire for effect is reported to the observer. Note to instructor. A full unit call sign by the SOI would be T8M27. The abbreviated call sign for that unit is M27. Therefore, the last letter of the call sign would be M. 2. Unit to adjust. Is sent only if different from the unit to fire for effect. If only one letter is announced in the MTO, then that unit is conducting both adjustments and the fire for effect. 3. Changes to the call for fire. The FDC informs the observer of any changes that are made in his original request for fire. This will include, but is not limited to, shell/fuze combinations, distribution, trajectory, etc. 4. Number of rounds. The number of rounds per tube in the fire for effect. 5. Target Number. The target number assigned to the mission. Note to instructor. Give examples of the message to observer. e.g. "MTO T, G, VT i/e, 4 rounds, AA7732, over" 13. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. The following additional information is transmitted with or after the message to observer. a. If the probable error in range for an area mission equals or exceeds 38 meters, the FDC will inform the observer. For precision fire, the FDC will inform the observer if the probable error range equals or exceeds 25 meters. b. Angle T is sent to the observer when it equals or exceeds 500 mils or if the observer requests it. It is announced to the nearest 100 mils. For example, if angle T is 580 mils, it is announced as Angle T 600. c. Time of Flight. Time of flight is sent to an observer during a moving target mission, during an aerial observer mission, during a high angle mission, and for shell HE in a coordinated illumination mission when using BY SHELL AT MY COMMAND, or when requested FM 6-30 pg 4-6 8

AAA – Day 2 – Abbreviated Schedule.

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE C
ACTION: Determine subsequent corrections. CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

SPOTTINGS OT DIR RANGE CORRECT RANGE CORRECT OV ER DOUBTFUL DOUBTFUL
SHO RT LEFT ON LINE RIGHT

ADJUSTMENTS TGT ON LINE AND SHORT Observer

ADJUSTMENTS TGT ON LINE AND OVER Observer

ADJUSTMENTS TGT RANGE CORRECT AND RIGHT Observer

ADJUSTMENTS TGT RANGE CORRECT AND LEFT Observer

ADJUSTMENTS TGT TARGET Observer

SPOTTING LINES FDC needs a spotting line to apply observer corrections. Two types: Gun Target Line Observer Target Line

GUN - TARGET (GT) LINE Standard spotting line for aerial observation.
Azimuth drawn from guns to the target. FDC will use this if observer does not send a direction to the target.

OBSERVER - TARGET (OT) LINE
Azimuth drawn from the observer to the target. Allows observers to make corrections based on how they see the rounds impact in relationship to the target.

OBSERVER - TARGET (OT) LINE
GUN - TARGET (GT) LINE Standard spotting line for aerial observation. Azimuth drawn from guns to the target. FDC will use this if observer does not send a direction to the target. OBSERVER - TARGET (OT) LINE Azimuth drawn from the observer to the target. Allows observers to make corrections based on how they see the rounds impact in relationship to the target.

SPOTTING LINES Gun-Target Line TGT Observer-Target Line Observer

DETERMINING DIRECTION
HEADING INDICATOR COMPASS MAP ESTIMATE

DETERMINING DIRECTION
HEADING INDICATOR COMPASS MAP ESTIMATE Sun Moon Stars Moss?

DIRECTION When must direction be sent to the FDC?
Initial CFF when doing a polar mission or shift from known point. 2. First subsequent correction during a grid mission. 3. Anytime direction changes more than 10 degrees or 100 mils.

SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS
Once direction has been determined, send it to the FDC to the: Nearest degree magnetic; - or - Nearest 1 mil the FDC will use the Gun-Target line.

= 360 degrees in a circle 6400 mils in a circle
Approximately 18 mils in a degree The artillery prefers to use mils because they are a more accurate form of measurement. They are more accurate because they are a smaller increment.

Did you know? One mil of angular deviation equals approx. one meter
of distance on the ground at 1000 meters (1 KM). Did you know?

Mil Relation Formula Mils 1m
The mil is used because of its accuracy and the mil relation formula, which is based on the assumption that an angle of 1 mil will subtend an arc of 1 meter at a distance of 1,000 meters. 1m 1 Meter 3 Meters 2 Meters 1000 meters 2000 meters 3000 meters

Mil Relation Formula Mils 1m
A mil is a unit of horizontal clockwise angular measurement that is equal to 1/6,400 of a circle. The mil is used because of its accuracy and the mil relation formula, which is based on the assumption that an angle of 1 mil will subtend an arc of 1 meter at a distance of 1,000 meters. 1m 1 Meter 3 Meters 2 Meters 1000 meters 2000 meters 3000 meters

Mil Relation Formula Cardinal Directions

Mil Relation Formula W = R x m (mils)
The mil relation formula (W = R X m) has several applications in observed fire procedures. Determine the width of a lateral shift (W) from a known point to a new target. Determine deviation corrections in adjustment of fire procedures based on deviation spotting in mils and OT distance factor.

Mil Relation Formula W = R x mils Target Observer - Target (OT) Line W
W = R X m, where W = Lateral shift in meters (nearest 10 meters) R = Range to target to the nearest 100 meters expressed In thousands m = angular deviation in mils (to nearest 1 mil)

DETERMINE MILS Using Hand Measurement:

OBSERVER TARGET FACTOR
SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS OBSERVER TARGET FACTOR Determine Range to Target. Divide Range by 1000. Round off to the nearest whole number. If the result is a .5, round to the nearest whole even number.

OBSERVER TARGET FACTOR
SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS OBSERVER TARGET FACTOR Or, Round to the nearest KM Remember, ½ KM rounds to the nearest even KM.

Round off to the nearest whole number. Artillery Express = If the result is a .5, round to the nearest whole even number. 2.2 = 5.5 = 4.5 = 4.6 = 8.5 = 2 6 4 5 8

SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS DETERMINE DEVIATION
Three fingers equals 100 mils. The target is 5000 m away. Range divided by gives an OT factor of 5. W = R x m 5 x 100 = 500. Therefore the deviation is R 500 meters. TGT N 3 FINGERS 5000 meters Observer

SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS DETERMINE DEVIATION
Three fingers equals 100 mils. The target is 5000 m away. Range divided by 1000 gives an OT factor of 5. 5 x 100 = 500. Therefore the deviation is 500 meters. TGT N 3 FINGERS 5000 meters Observer

YOU DETERMINE DEVIATION
SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS YOU DETERMINE DEVIATION Two fingers equals? 70 mils The target is how far away? 3400m away Range divided by 1000 gives an OT factor of ? 3.4 = 3 Then we do what? 3 x 70 = 210 Therefore the deviation is? 210 meters TGT N R 210 2 FINGERS 3400 meters Observer

CORRECTION ACCURACIES
DEVIATION - Nearest 10 meters (until within bursting radius). Example: ROUND IMPACTS L R120 Example: ROUND IMPACTS L30 -- No adjustment needed.

RANGE - Nearest 100 meters. No correction necessary if within 50 meters. Example: ROUND IMPACTS OVER D300 ROUND SHORT 70M -- A100 FFE, OVER

CORRECTION ACCURACIES HEIGHT OF BURST - Nearest 5 meters.
If first spotting is a ground burst, the correction will be “UP 40” – implies use of mechanical time fuse. Aerial observer requiring an air burst should ask for fuse variable time (VT).

DEVIATION - Nearest 10 meters (until within bursting radius). Example: ROUND IMPACTS L R120 Example: ROUND IMPACTS L30 -- No adjustment needed. RANGE - Nearest 100 meters. No correction necessary if within 50 meters. Example: ROUND IMPACTS OVER D300 ROUND SHORT 70M -- A100 FFE, OVER HEIGHT OF BURST - Nearest 5 meters. If first spotting is a ground burst, the correction will be “UP 40” – implies use of mechanical time fuse. Aerial observer requiring an air burst should ask for fuse variable time (VT).

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Initial Round Impacts TGT Observer

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Determine Direction N TGT
45 degrees magnetic (800 mils) to the target. Observer Observer-Target Line

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Estimate Distance to Target N TGT
Range is 2200 meters. Observer

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Estimate Deviation Correction N TGT OT factor =
A fist is approximately 2 X 180 = Therefore the deviation is 360 meters. 2200/1000 = 2.2 (2) 180 Mils 2200 meters 360 Observer

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Estimate Deviation Correction N TGT
The round impacted to the left of the target. The correction is “Right 360”. Observer

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Estimate Range Correction N TGT Range error is
estimated at 120 meters. 45 degrees Observer

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Send One-Round Adjustment N TGT
What is the proper correction call? H28 this is Y67, Direction 045 Deg Mag, Right 360, Add 100, Fire for effect, over. Observer

QUESTIONS?

LOST ROUND PROCEDURES A round may be spotted as lost for a number of reasons: The round was a dud. Terrain prevented you from seeing it. Weather prevented observation (fog for example). Enemy fire kept you from seeing it. You weren’t looking in the right place at the right time. The FDC or gun line made an error.

LOST ROUND PROCEDURES What should you do?
Check your data (target location). Repeat with a smoke round. (Safer than moving round.) 200 meter air burst (better be careful aviator!!) Repeat. End the mission and start a new one.

Once you achieve the desired effects on the target it’s time for the:
TERMINATION OF THE MISSION RECORD AS TARGET (OPTIONAL) END OF MISSION 3. BATTLE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT (BDA)

R E M S USE “RREMS” TERMINATION OF THE MISSION REFINEMENTS
“RECORD AS TARGET” “END OF MISSION” SURVEILLANCE (BDA)

TERMINATION OF THE MISSION
OBSERVER: RECORD AS TARGET, END OF MISSION, ESTIMATE 1 VEHICLE DESTROYED, 5 KIAS, OVER. FDC: RECORD AS TARGET, END OF MISSION, ESTIMATE 1 VEHICLE DESTROYED, 5 KIAS, TARGET # AB7031, PV , OVER. TARGET # AB7031, PV , OUT OBSERVER:

TERMINATION OF THE MISSION
OBSERVER: END OF MISSION, ESTIMATE 1 VEHICLE DESTROYED, 5 KIAS, OVER. FDC: END OF MISSION, ESTIMATE 1 VEHICLE DESTROYED, 5 KIAS, OUT.

QUESTIONS?

REVIEW DAY 1 PE in SHO? QUESTIONS?

QUESTIONS?

A A A Day 2

What is the default target line?
Gun-Target Line. What target line is best for an aerial observer when adjusting rounds? Observer-Target Line.

W = R x m R = m = Observer-Target Factor (OT factor) Angle in mils.

The observed round appears to be 160m beyond the target. + or - _____ m?
- 200

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Initial Round Impacts TGT Observer

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Determine Direction N TGT 039° magnetic
Observer-Target Line Observer

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Estimate Distance to Target N TGT
Range is 2700 meters. Observer

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Estimate Deviation Correction
TGT N OT factor = 2700/1000 = 2.7 (3) A fist is approximately 180 mils. 3 X 180 = 540 meters Therefore the deviation is 540 meters. 2700m Observer

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Estimate Deviation Correction TGT N
The round impacted to the left of the target. The correction is “Left 540”. Observer

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Estimate Range Correction N TGT Range error is
estimated at 160 meters. Observer

ONE ROUND ADJUSTMENT Send One-Round Adjustment N TGT H28 this is Y67,
Direction 039° Mag, Left 540, Add 200, Fire for effect, over. Observer

QUESTIONS?

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE D
ACTION: Select the transmissions for a shift from known point call for fire. CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

KNOWN POINTS must be “known” by both the FDC and the observer.
SHIFT FROM A KNOWN POINT KNOWN POINTS must be “known” by both the FDC and the observer. They can be established by: Using terrain identifiable on a map and on the ground. Using a laser or G/VLLD. Using a target location for which you have had effects and for which the FDC has saved firing data.

SHIFT FROM A KNOWN POINT
KNOWN DATA N Heading indicator shows direction to target to be 90 degrees magnetic Elevation 390 M TARGET # BA1005 300 meters Range to Target is 3500 meters 260 meters Elevation 330 M

M81 this is M82, adjust fire, shift BA1005, over. Direction 090 deg mag, R 300, + 300, D 60, over. Stationary SP Artillery, DPICM in effect, AMC, over. TARGET # BA1005 MTO, M, A, 2 ROUNDS, TGT # AB1050, 20 SECS, OVER.

First Round Impacts N TARGET # BA1005 Direction 090°, Range 3500 M

Adjusting Data Direction ? Not necessary. L/R ? +/- ? U/D ? Command ?

First Round Impacts W = 4 X 30 = 120 M W = R X m N TARGET # BA1005 30 mils Direction 090°, Range 3500 M

Adjusting Data Direction ? No, no change L/R ? R 120 +/- ? U/D ?
Command ?

First Round Impacts Estimated Range is 3500. 4 x 30 = 120 Correction is: Right 120, drop 100. TARGET # BA1005 80 meters

Fire for Effect TARGET # BA1005 M81 this is M82, right 120, drop 100, fire for effect, over.

In what way is a shift from a known point CFF
different from a grid CFF? 1. You must state “shift known point XXX” in the warning order. 2. You must give OT line, deviation, range, and height from the known point to the target in the location (second transmission.)

QUESTIONS?

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE E
ACTION: Select the correct suppression mission. CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

Immediate Suppression (3) Immediate Smoke
Type of Mission Suppress Immediate Suppression (3) Immediate Smoke b. Warning Order: The warning order clears the net for the fire mission and tells the FDC the type of mission and the type of target location that will be used. The warning order consists of the type of mission, the size of the element to fire for effect, and the method of target location. It is a request for fire unless prior authority has been given to order fire. FM 6-30 pg 4-1/2

S E A D

SUPPRESSION Transmission One Pre-Planned Three Elements

S E A D Time on Target (TOT) On Call

SUPPRESSION – T O T SEAD along route of flight LZ preparation
SEAD around LZ

SUPPRESSION “M81 this is M82, Suppress AB1234 over.”
Suppression missions are utilized against a PLANNED target to limit the enemy’s ability to operate for a specified period of time. You will generally receive HE/VT or smoke.

IMMEDIATE SUPPRESSION
Unplanned IMMEDIATE SUPPRESSION Transmission One Three Elements

IMMEDIATE SUPPRESSION
Transmission One “M81 this is M82, Immediate Suppression, PK123456, over.” - To assist the friendly element in disengaging from the enemy. - Utilized against an UNPLANNED target. - You will generally receive HE/VT.

“M81 this is M82, Immediate Smoke, PK 123456 over.”

IMMEDIATE SMOKE Employed against a planned or unplanned target. Purpose: to suppress the enemy by obscuring his vision for a short period of time. (Max Diameter = 150m)

Immediate vs. Quick Smoke
Difference between Immediate Smoke and normal or Quick Smoke: is adjusted with HE when possible. Is used to screen a planned movement or activity of a friendly unit. Is planned as a linear target.

SUPPRESSION

S E A D TOT On Call

SUPPRESSION “M81 this is M82, Suppress AB1234 over.”
Suppression missions are utilized against a PLANNED target to limit the enemy’s ability to operate for a specified period of time. You will generally receive HE/VT or smoke.

QUESTIONS?

What is the purpose of Immediate suppression/smoke and suppression calls for fire?
To break contact and relocate and/or continue your mission.

Immediate suppression/smoke is preplanned. True or false?
What are the two ways to execute a preplanned suppression mission? TOT or ON Call

Immediate suppression/smoke, Grid AB 123456, K
You are unexpectedly engaged and forced to take cover. What call would you send to break contact and continue your mission? Arty de AVN, Immediate suppression/smoke, Grid AB , K

You have planned a suppression mission for a possible threat
You have planned a suppression mission for a possible threat. How would you call to execute this mission? Guns de Aviator, Suppress, AB 1234, K

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE F
ACTION: Select the correct call for fire format and make appropriate adjustments for a Danger Close mission. CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout. STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

DANGER CLOSE “Danger Close” is announced in the method of engagement when rounds will impact within certain distances of friendly units.

DANGER CLOSE 600 meters for mortars and artillery
“Danger Close” is announced in the method of engagement. All howitzers will fire in the adjustment phase of a Danger Close mission. Danger Close criteria is dependent on the weapon system/munition that is being employed. 600 meters for mortars and artillery 750 meters for 5” or smaller naval fire 1000 meters for greater than 5” less than 16” naval fire 2000 meters for 16” naval or MLRS fires

DANGER CLOSE Creeping Fires are used in danger close missions.
Corrections should be made by creeping the fires to the target by using corrections of 100 meters or less if the rounds are moving toward friendly locations. If correction moves the impact outside of danger close range the observer should announce “CANCEL DANGER CLOSE”.

DANGER CLOSE M81 this is M22, adjust fire, over. PV 123 567, over.
Infantry Squad in the open, Danger Close, AMC, over. 175 m 400 m

DANGER CLOSE 135 degrees magnetic 175 m
M81 this is M22, o degrees magnetic, right 100, over. 400 m

DANGER CLOSE 135 degrees magnetic
Enemy has moved 25 meters forward in it’s assault of our friendly location. 135 degrees magnetic 100 meters M81 this is M22, right 100, FFE, over. 400 meters

DANGER CLOSE M81 this is M22, EOM, six KIAs, over. 400 meters

DANGER CLOSE There are special considerations when using improved conventional munitions in a danger close mission. Start the adjustment at least 600 meters from friendly troops. Pay particular attention to wind speed and direction. Adjust with the entire battery, making corrections based on the “near” edge of the effects pattern.

CALL FOR FIRE L PA 35642177 k D 7 dismounts i/o M Danger Close, HE,
I THUNDER 35 de SABER 14, W FFE k L PA k D 7 dismounts i/o M Danger Close, HE, M AT MY COMMAND k

FINAL PROTECTIVE FIRE A FPF is an immediately available preplanned barrier of direct and indirect fire designed to provide close protection to friendly positions. Each weapon should be adjusted into place. FPF is announced instead of a target description. Attitude and Danger Close are announced in the method of engagement. Start adjusting with the FLANK piece impacting CLOSEST to friendlies.

Final Protective Fire 16 OP

FINAL PROTECTIVE FIRE X BP-1 BP-2 BP-3

CALL FOR FIRE L PA 35642177 k D Final Protective Fire,
I THUNDER 35 de SABER 14, W FFE k L PA k D Final Protective Fire, M Linear Sheaf, 130° mag, 600M, Danger Close, M AT MY COMMAND k

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE G
ACTION: Select the appropriate call for fire for a marking round mission. CONDITION: Given a classroom and a student handout. STANDARD: 33 questions covering all material Must score 70% to achieve a GO; can miss up to 10. Failure will result in remedial training and retest. Maximum score on retest is 70%.

IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE EXECUTION OF A CLOSE AIR SUPPORT MISSION
MARKING ROUNDS Used When Visibility is Poor, on Deceptive Terrain, Unreliable maps PRIMARILY IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE EXECUTION OF A CLOSE AIR SUPPORT MISSION FSCL FLOT x

MARKING ROUNDS First Transmission Second Transmission
Observer Identification: M81 this is M82, I Warning Order: FFE (or AF), over W Second Transmission Target Location: PK , over L Third Transmission Description of the Target (None given) D Method of Engagement Marking round, WP, M Method of Fire and Control At my command, over. M

(HEXOCHLOROETHANE (HC) SMOKE)
MARKING ROUNDS MARKING ROUND (HEXOCHLOROETHANE (HC) SMOKE) Ground Burst UP 100 Canisters bouncing excessively UP 50 Canisters too spread out DOWN 50

MARKING ROUNDS MARKING ROUND Height of burst corrections
(GROUND BURST ILLUMINATION) Height of burst corrections sent to the nearest 50 meters. Determine DOWN correction by measuring how far above the ground the flare ignited.

QUESTIONS?

There is no target to describe.
In a CFF, what is the correct description for a marking round? There is no target to describe. In what element of the CFF do you announce “mark or marking round?” In the method of engagement.

QUESTIONS?

What are the initial height corrections
for a marking round? Ground burst: Up 100. Canisters bouncing excessively: Up 50. Excessive spread of canisters: Down 50. Ground burst Illumination: To the nearest 50.

CFFT PE Map, pen, protractor. Lamp on.

Tread mill

A A A Day 3

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE H
ACTION: Determine the trigger point for a close air support marking round mission. CONDITION: Without the use of notes. STANDARD: IAW FM 6-30.

MARKING ROUNDS First Transmission Second Transmission
Observer Identification: M81 this is M82, I Warning Order: FFE (or AF), over W Second Transmission Target Location: PK , over L Third Transmission Description of the Target (None given) D Method of Engagement Marking round, WP, M Method of Fire and Control At my command, over. M

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE M
ACTION: Identify Close Air Support procedures and determine the trigger point for a close air support marking round mission. CONDITION: Given a student handout and access to applicable pubs STANDARD: Correctly answer 23 out of 33 questions on the WF 1 Exam

CAS Execution with Non- Joint Terminal Attack Controller Personnel
Air Force considers this Emergency CAS Units with a reasonable expectation to conduct terminal attack control need to have certified JTAC/Joint Forward Observer (JFO) available. In rare circumstances, the ground commander might require CAS when no JTAC is available. Non-JTAC controllers must clearly state to attacking aircraft that they are “non-JTAC qualified.”

In these instances, qualified JTACs, FAC(A)s, and/or CAS aircrew should assist these personnel / units to the greatest extent possible. Due to the complexity of CAS, the commander must consider the increased risk of fratricide Accept full responsibility for the results of the attacks.

CAS Execution with Non- Joint Terminal Attack Controller
Ground personnel will: Identify themselves as “non-JTAC qualified” on aircraft check-in. Make every effort to involve a qualified JTAC / JFO in the situation. Provide as much of the 9-Line briefing as possible. As a minimum, pass target elevation, target location, target description, and restrictions.

CAS Aircrew in this situation will: Make every effort to involve a qualified JTAC / JFO in the situation. Be prepared to “PULL” information to complete critical portions of the CAS briefing. Exercise vigilance with target identification, weapons effects, and friendly location.

CONTACT POINT (CP) Contact Point (CP): The point at which communications is established between the CAS flight leader and the CAS controller. Initial communications established between the aircraft and the JFO/Joint Terminal Air Controller (JTAC). Pilot sends the CAS check-in Brief. Observer/JTAC sends the situational update to pilot.

(Cool Army Aviator) de Warthog MSN # A157 2 A-10s
Example Check in brief. AIRCRAFT: (Cool Army Aviator) de Warthog MSN # A157 2 A-10s Currently located W of Faluja 14NM Each Aircraft has 1 30mm gun and 4 MK lbs We have approximately 20 min of playtime Abort code-Aerosmith Over

There is no qualified J-TAC/JFO in area. RPGs located around target.
EXAMPLE Sit. Update YOU: There is no qualified J-TAC/JFO in area. RPGs located around target. Size: TGT is a small pick up truck with dismounts. Activity: They are observing a green zone. Location: TGT Location is MB Uniform: Civilian Attire. Time: Time now. Equipment: RPG, AK-47, Civilian vehicle. Friendly units are 1 Kiowa circling vic grid MB Artillery will have shot one marking round before your arrival to the target area. 3BCT commander has giving me approval for final clearance. 4 2000lbs. No restrictions. No Hazards, k

Determining Initial Point
Initial Point (IP). The geographic location over which the aircraft will loiter/hold awaiting permission to start its timed run to the TGT. An effective and efficient method for selecting an IP is to anchor the location of that IP off of the target. When CAS aircraft are passed to a JTAC from a contact point, the JTAC should immediately pass target coordinates (precise if able) to those CAS players Then anchor their initial point of the target with a direction and distance.

Determining Initial Point (IP)
The JTAC selects the IP based on enemy threat capabilities target orientation friendly location weather aircraft capabilities fire support coordination requirements

Keyhole Method Letters ABCD represent NESW and TGT
Give direction and distance Example A8 = North of target 8 NM.

Example Transmission JTAC: “Warthog 11, advise when ready to copy target coordinates.” Aircraft: “Warthog 11, ready to copy.” JTAC: “Ten-digit grid to follow. NU , elevation 1456.” Aircraft: “I copy NU , elevation 1456.” JTAC: “Warthog 11, proceed to Alpha 8, angels 15, report established.” Aircraft: “Warthog 11, established Alpha 8, angels 15.”

Close Air Support 9-Line Briefing
Do not transmit line numbers. Units of measure are standard unless briefed. Lines 4, 6, and restrictions are mandatory read back. JTAC may request additional read back.

JTAC: “__________, this is __________” (Aircraft Call Sign) (JTAC Call Sign) “Type __________ (1, 2, or 3) Control” 1. IP/BP: “_________________________” 2. Heading: ”_______________________” (Degrees Magnetic, IP/BP-to-Target) Offset: “___________________________” (Left / Right, when required)

3. Distance: “_______________________” (IP-to-target in nautical miles, BP-to-target in meters) 4*. Target Elevation: “_________________” (In feet MSL) 5. Target Description: “_______________” 6*. Target Location: “_________________”

7. Type Mark: “_______” Code: “______” (WP, Laser, IR, Beacon) (Actual Laser Code) 8. Location of Friendlies: “____________” (From target, cardinal direction and distance in meters) Position marked by: “__________________” 9. “Egress: __________________________”

Remarks (as appropriate): “__________” (Restrictions*, Ordnance delivery, threats, final attack heading, hazards, ACAs, weather, target information, SEAD, LTL/GTL [degrees magnetic], night vision, danger close [with commander’s initials])

AIRCRAFT: (CAA) de Death Stalker 6 XXXX X established. YOU: Good Copy
Example 9 line brief AIRCRAFT: (CAA) de Death Stalker 6 XXXX X established. YOU: Good Copy YOU: Warthog 11 de (CAA) “Type 2 Control no qualified JTAC or JFO” IP/BP: XXXX X Heading: XXX Distance: X 4*. Target Elevation: XXX (In feet MSL) 5. Target Description: 1 small pickup truck w/ dismounts. 6*. Target Location: MB 7. Type Mark: Artillery WP 8. Location of Friendlies: W 2000m 9. “Egress: Back to IP Remarks (as appropriate): lbs

Arrival/Holding at Initial Point (IP)
Observer/JTAC initiates the Marking Round mission. They will receive the TOF in the MTO. - Buildup time is standard. Ask the Pilot for the IP to Target run time. Calculate the time trigger to send command “FIRE”

MARKING ROUND TIMING IP Target Area 120 SECONDS TOF) RUN TIME
(BUILD UP TIME + _

_ TOF) RUN TIME (BUILD UP TIME + 120 SEC (from Pilot) 20 SEC (WP) (MTO)

_ TOF) RUN TIME (BUILD UP TIME + BACK OFF TIME = 120 – ( ) = 80 SEC Trigger Point = 80 seconds Send command “FIRE” to the FDC 80 seconds after aircraft reports “DEPARTING IP”.

_ TOF) RUN TIME (BUILD UP TIME + 20 SEC (MTO) 20 SEC (WP) 120 SEC (from Pilot) BACK OFF TIME = = 80 SEC Send command “FIRE” to the FDC 80 seconds after aircraft reports “DEPARTING IP”.

Execution of CAS Clear the pilot to depart the IP.
Start count down for the time trigger for the command to “fire” when the pilot reports departure. Send the command to “fire”. Observe the round impact.

Target Area Orient the flight leader onto the TGT based upon the location of the marking round by one of the following: 1. Direct the pilot to the marking round using clock direction with the nose of the aircraft at 12 o’clock. 2. Direct the pilot from the marking round to the target using cardinal directions and distance in meters. (Cardinal directions are north, east, south, west, northeast, northwest, etc.)

Mil Relation Formula Cardinal Directions

ORIENTATION TO THE TARGET
CARDINAL DIRECTION/DISTANCE Northeast 500 meters 12

Final Clearance Once Pilot has identified Target send “CLEARED HOT”
You can abort the mission any time before ordinance is released by announcing "ABORT" or the abort code sent in the 9-Line brief. Assess if target needs to be re-attacked If JTAC/JFO or Pilot feel target needs to be re-attacked announce: "CLEARED FOR RE-ATTACK".

QUESTIONS?

One of those days; just going along minding my own business ……
One of those days; just going along minding my own business …….then WHACK!!!

What times are required to compute a
trigger point for a CAS mission? 1. Aircraft run time. 2. Round TOF. 3. Build up time.

What is the formula for a CAS trigger point?
Run time - (TOF + Build up time) = Trigger point.

QUESTIONS?

REVIEW QUESTIONS?

CFFT PE Map, pen, protractor. Lamp on.

QUESTIONS?

CFFT PE

REVIEW DAY 1 PE? QUESTIONS?

CFFT PE

A A A (OF) D J U S T M E N R T I L E Y E R I A L.

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