1. The Cell 2 4 1 3 5

2. Famous Scientists • Hooke 1665 – One of first people to observe cells
Looked at cork (plant) cells
Coined the term “cell”
One cubic inch= 12 hundred MILLION cells
• Schleiden 1838 – All plants are made of cells!
• Schwann 1839 – All animals are made of cells!
• Virchow 1855 – “All cells come from other cells”

3. This led to the formation of the CELL THEORY!
All living things are made of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of function of all living things (they carry on life activities)
All cells are produced from other cells! (by the process of cell divison)

4. Two Categories of Cells
Prokaryotes
– No Nucleus
– Few membrane bound organelles
– Usually smaller
– Bacteria
Eukaryote
– Nucleus
– Many membrane-bound organelles
– Bigger
– YOU!

5. All cells are similar in these respects:
Have a cell membrane
Thin, flexible barrier around cells
Have cytoplasm
Fluid material inside cell membrane
Have genetic material which carries the cell’s instructions
Carry out life functions

6. All Eukaryotic Cells have
CELL STRUCTURE
All Eukaryotic Cells have
ORGANELLES
Tiny cell structures that carries out specific functions within the cell

7. Cross Section of a Plant Cell

8. Cross Section of a Plant Cell

9. Cross Section of an Animal Cell

10. Cross Section of an Animal Cell

11. 1. Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
protects and supports cell
allows materials to pass in and out of the cell
(selectively permeable)
maintains internal cell homeostasis
provides means for cell to cell communication

13. 2. Cytoplasm watery/jelly material that holds cell organelles in place
area between the cell membrane and the nucleus
many chemical reactions take place here
transports things around the cell
~constantly moving

14. 3. Nucleus contains DNA (genetic material)
directs and controls all cell activities
the control or “brain” of the cell

15. 4. Nucleolus
Small organelle inside nucleus where ribosomes are made

16. 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
transports and carries proteins and other materials across the cell
a network of tunnels and passageways
2 types –
rough ER has ribosomes
smooth ER does not have ribosomes

18. 6. Ribosome small, grain-like bodies produces proteins -
the site of protein synthesis
(using instructions from the nucleus)
found on ER and in the cytoplasm

19. 7. Golgi Body Complex
serve as processing and packaging of wastes and harmful material, stores materials (PPS)

20. 8. Vacuole 8. Vacuole large, round, water-filled sac
storage area of cell
stores water, food and waste
plants have a large vacuole
some animal cells have them – others don’t
stores food, water, and waste (FWW)

21. 9. Lysosome small, round sacs
contains digestive enzymes that breakdown complex molecules (food), wastes, and worn-out cell organelles

22. 10. “Mighty” Mitochondria
slipper shaped organelle that releases the energy in food molecules
energy (ATP) is produced via cellular respiration
called the powerhouse of the cell
have their own DNA

24. 11. Centriole
involved in cell division of animal cells

25. Found ONLY in PLANT CELLS!
12. Chloroplasts
Found ONLY in PLANT CELLS!
uses suns energy to make food for plant (photosynthesis)
contains chlorophyll (green pigment)
have their own DNA

27. Found in plant cells & most bacteria!
13. Cell Wall
Found in plant cells & most bacteria!
composed of cellulose (a carbohydrate)
gives cell its shape and provides protection for the cell

28. ORGANELLE – WHO AM I? I make energy. I am the _______________________
I make ribosomes.
I transport proteins.
I make proteins.
I am selectively permeable.
I process, package, and store things.
I control the cell activities.
I am made of cellulose.
I am the _______________________
I store food, water and waste.
I clean up the cell with digestive enzymes.
I only appear during mitosis in animal cells.
I use the sun to make sugar and oxygen.
I make ATP from glucose.
I am a liquid and this is where most cell reactions take place.

29. Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Centrioles

30. 6 3 4 5 1 2 7 8 1-nucleus 2-chromosomes 3-mitochondria 4-ribosome
5-chloroplast
6-vacuole
7-ER
8-cell membrane 3 4 5 1 6 2 7 8

31. Function within the Cell City “Job”
Plant Organelle
Function within the Cell
City “Job”
Nucleus
Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast(s)
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Ribosome(s)
Controls cell activities
Mayor
Regulates materials entering and leaving the cell.
Doorman
Gives shape and protection
Border patrol 
Transport material
through out the cell
Buses and Trains
Site of photosynthesis
Restaurants 
Power Plant 
Site of cellular respiration
Storage 
Warehouse 
Carries out protein synthesis 
Butcher Shop