1. The Industrial City The Culture of Cities Monday, March 22/2006 SOSC 2730

2. Urban Studies Program @ YorkU http://www.arts.yorku.ca/sosc/urbanst/index.html contact:Lisa Drummond Program Coordinator S767 Ross Building 416-736-2100 x 77792 prog. office:S751 Ross drummond@yorku.cadrummond@yorku.ca 416-736-2100 x77796 drummond@yorku.ca

3. Final Examination 2-5 PM, Monday, April 24 Curtis Lecture Hall D format: Part A (Quiz 5) Part B answer 2 essay questions out of 5 (cumulative)

4. Schedule of Reading week of March 13 – –The Structure of Baroque Power (12) – –Court, Parade & Capital (13) week of March 20 – –Commercial Expansion & Urban Dissolution (14) – –Paleotechnic Paradise: Coketown (15) week of March 27 – –Suburbia –– and Beyond (16) – –The Myth of Megalopolis (17) week of April 3 – –Retrospect & Prospect (18)

5. Selected Civilizations

6. The Industrial City Manchester, UK population: 84,000 (1800)

7. Change separation of work & homeseparation of work & home separation of rural & urbanseparation of rural & urban new social elitenew social elite –manufacturers, bankers, entrepreneurs urban morphologyurban morphology –specialized production zones

8. 1766 Liverpool

9. 1776

10. 1776

11. 1801

12. 1840s

20. 1851

21. 1851

22. 1851

23. 1851

24. 1851

25. 1851

26. 1851

27. Change social mobilitysocial mobility suburbanizationsuburbanization economic recessionseconomic recessions grinding povertygrinding poverty municipal governmentmunicipal government

28. Manchester difference from Baroquedifference from Baroque –unbridled capitalism –new elite role of applied knowledgerole of applied knowledge expansion of tradeexpansion of trade –centralized production ––> larger markets

29. Spread industrializationindustrialization –Europe, North America, Japan today most of the worldtoday most of the world

30. City Life mass productionmass production mass consumptionmass consumption mass transitmass transit mass communicationmass communication ––> mass culture

31. The Industrial City Upwards & Outwards

34. ProposedFordhamTower,Chicago

35. Technological Achievements in the Development of the Skyscraper 1855Bessemer process for producing inexpensive steel is perfected1855Bessemer process for producing inexpensive steel is perfected 1857Otis develops the safety equipped elevator1857Otis develops the safety equipped elevator 1867Monier patents reinforced concrete1867Monier patents reinforced concrete 1867Remington develops the first commercially successful typewriter1867Remington develops the first commercially successful typewriter 1869Commercial electrical power generation1869Commercial electrical power generation 1876Bessemer process is improved, allowing for the use of inferior quality iron ores, resulting in another significant reduction in the cost of steel production1876Bessemer process is improved, allowing for the use of inferior quality iron ores, resulting in another significant reduction in the cost of steel production 1876Bell introduces the telephone and long-distance voice transmission1876Bell introduces the telephone and long-distance voice transmission 1876The commercial application of the mimeograph copying machine1876The commercial application of the mimeograph copying machine 1879Commercially successful electric light bulbs are marketed1879Commercially successful electric light bulbs are marketed 1879Leiter Building, Chicago becomes the world’s first skyscraper, using an iron frame1879Leiter Building, Chicago becomes the world’s first skyscraper, using an iron frame 1885First use of structural steel for skyscrapers (Home Insurance Building, Chicago)1885First use of structural steel for skyscrapers (Home Insurance Building, Chicago) 1887Electrification of the elevator1887Electrification of the elevator 1892Use of curtain walls to cover the exterior of a steel framed skyscraper1892Use of curtain walls to cover the exterior of a steel framed skyscraper 1892Hennebique improves reinforced concrete with a rectangular arrangement of steel bars1892Hennebique improves reinforced concrete with a rectangular arrangement of steel bars 1895Simpson’s Department Store, Toronto is the first skyscraper built in Canada1895Simpson’s Department Store, Toronto is the first skyscraper built in Canada 1903The Flatiron Building, New York City is the first skyscraper built in that city1903The Flatiron Building, New York City is the first skyscraper built in that city 1903The first use of reinforced concrete to produce an office building -- Ingals Building, Cincinnati1903The first use of reinforced concrete to produce an office building -- Ingals Building, Cincinnati

36. 1855Bessemer process for producing inexpensive steel is perfected1855Bessemer process for producing inexpensive steel is perfected 1857Otis develops the safety equipped elevator1857Otis develops the safety equipped elevator 1867Monier patents reinforced concrete1867Monier patents reinforced concrete 1867Remington develops the first commercially successful typewriter1867Remington develops the first commercially successful typewriter 1869Commercial electrical power generation1869Commercial electrical power generation 1876Bessemer process is improved, allowing for the use of inferior quality iron ores, resulting in another significant reduction in the cost of steel production1876Bessemer process is improved, allowing for the use of inferior quality iron ores, resulting in another significant reduction in the cost of steel production

37. 1876Bell introduces the telephone and long-distance voice transmission1876Bell introduces the telephone and long-distance voice transmission 1876The commercial application of the mimeograph copying machine1876The commercial application of the mimeograph copying machine 1879Commercially successful electric light bulbs are marketed1879Commercially successful electric light bulbs are marketed 1879Leiter Building, Chicago becomes the world’s first skyscraper, using an iron frame1879Leiter Building, Chicago becomes the world’s first skyscraper, using an iron frame 1885First use of structural steel for skyscrapers (Home Insurance Building, Chicago)1885First use of structural steel for skyscrapers (Home Insurance Building, Chicago)

38. Leiter Building Home Insurance Building Leiter Building Home Insurance Building

39. 1887Electrification of the elevator1887Electrification of the elevator 1892Use of curtain walls to cover the exterior of a steel framed skyscraper1892Use of curtain walls to cover the exterior of a steel framed skyscraper 1892Hennebique improves reinforced concrete with a rectangular arrangement of steel bars1892Hennebique improves reinforced concrete with a rectangular arrangement of steel bars 1895Simpson’s Department Store, Toronto is the first skyscraper built in Canada1895Simpson’s Department Store, Toronto is the first skyscraper built in Canada 1903The Flatiron Building, New York City is the first skyscraper built in that city1903The Flatiron Building, New York City is the first skyscraper built in that city 1903The first use of reinforced concrete to produce an office building -- Ingals Building, Cincinnati1903The first use of reinforced concrete to produce an office building -- Ingals Building, Cincinnati