2. NEW INDUSTRIES, NEW INVENTIONS Copy words in RED onto the blanks in your notes.

3. More events in the Industrial Revolution 1837 - Samuel Morse invents the magnetic telegraph 1851 - The Bessemer steel-making process is developed 1857 - A New York department store installs the first safety elevator 1859 - The first oil well is drilled 1868 - Christopher Sholes invents the first practical typewriter

4. 1869 - The first transcontinental railway is completed in the United States 1879 - Thomas Edison perfects an incandescent light bulb 1885 - Karl Benz builds one of the first gasoline-powered automobiles 1885 - The first skyscraper is built in Chicago 1903 - The Wright Brothers make the first successful airplane 1908 - The first Model T Ford is built.

5. What is Industrialization? Industrialization: the process of using power-driven machinery to manufacture goods. Industrial Revolution: period of time during the 1700s & 1800s where we changed from human power to machine power -- not a sudden change, but a BIG change!

6. U.S. Birthday 1876 - United States celebrated it’s Centennial (100-year anniversary) Birthday party was the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia Millions of people came to see new American advancements in art, science, & technology.

7. Why did industry grow? Railroads Made it possible to exchange materials & goods across the country Inventions New ideas made the U.S. an industrial giant. More patents (guarantees an inventor all profits for his or her invention for a certain length of time) were issued. 1860 - 1900 = 650,000 patents issued.

8. Growing Industry cont. Natural Resources A LOT of mineral wealth, including coal, iron ore, and oil. Forests, water resources, and fertile land also important. Human Talent 1860 - 1900 = U.S. population doubled (31 million to 76 million) (14 million immigrants) Capital (profit) Banks & wealthy people lended their money to businesses for factories, buildings, and railroads.

9. Steel Industry Steel = iron alloy (mixture of iron and other metals) Long been used for knives, swords, or guns but was very expensive to make 1860s Bessemer process = make iron into steel at a low cost (used a converter to blow hot air through molten pig iron)

10. Sir Henry Bessemer The Bessemer Process

11. Steel Industry cont. Nation’s steel output increased 10 times between 1877 and 1892 Greatest demand for steel = railroads 1882 90% of all steel made went into making railroad rails Coal = needed fuel Coal & iron mining/steel making

12. Electricity 1800s = learned how to make electricity with an electrical generator 1890s = Nikola Tesla (Croatia immigrant) used generators to harness the power of Niagra Falls to create electricity

13. Thomas Edison Wanted to invent useful things 1876 = set up workshop in Menlo Park, New Jersey to find new ways to use electricity 1879 = improved the lightbulb By 1882 some New York City buildings were using electric light

14. Thomas Edison

15. Electric lighting replaced gas lights quickly 1899 = Edison’s factory produced 25 million light bulbs Also developed the dictating machine, motion-picture camera, and phonograph (music player)

16. Communication & Electricity 1840s = telegraph stations increased in Europe & the United States 1866 = telegraph cable was laid under the Atlantic Ocean (crazy!!!) Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish immigrant, created a device to send sound and not just electrical signals…

17. Bell & the Telephone Bell showed off his telephone at the 1876 Centennial Exposition 1877 = telephone lines connected Boston & Salem in Massachusetts By 1890s = many American cities connected by long-distance telephone lines

18. Model of Bell’s First Telephone Bell demonstrating the telephone in 1892

19. Changes in Everyday Life Companies began mass-producing items people had once made for themselves 1878 = Procter & Gamble accidentally made a bath soap that floated = Ivory Soap Ready-made clothing could be bought in new Department stores (women’s clothes were mass produced -- everyone could now wear the latest fashions!)

20. R.H. Macy founded in New York City Marshall Field founded in Chicago Department Stores offered customers a wide variety of brands Chain stores were created & made low-cost goods available in small towns. People living far from stores could also order from catalogs --- Sears, Roebuck, or Montgomery Ward (yay shopping!!!!)