1. Aim: What are the causes and effects of African migration? Give me three reasons why you would move to another city?

2. Migration A permanent move from one country or a region to another Migration has influenced world history since day one!

3. WHY??? Three reasons! Environmental – Early on, played a huge role! Economic – First empires…then moving to cities for work Political – Religious and ethnic persecution

4. Push-pull factors: Factors that push people out of an area or pull them to a new place. Push Examples Migration Factors Pull Factors Climate Change Environmental Abundant land EarthquakesGood climate DroughtNew resources Unemployment EconomicLots of jobs! Religious, ethnic or Political Religious freedom political persecution Political freedom War

5. Experts can trace migration by studying the spread of languages! Approximately 900 languages in Africa All developed from Proto-Bantu Bantu – first language of almost 1/3 of Africans

6. Bantu Migration

7. Causes of migration Population increased because of farming Went south and east because to the north was the Sahara Needed more land for farming Brought the technology of iron making, woodworking Able to migrate as far as South Africa.

8. Movement of People

9. Effects of Migration The Bantu interacted with other people they met spreading their culture, language and technology. The intermarried with other tribes They exchanged culture and ideas The Bantu migration was a unifying force for the continent of Africa.

10. Case Study: Bantu Migration a.What three factors cause people to move? b.List 5 effects of migration- Bantu-speaking peoples adapted their skills to new environments they encountered in their migrations southward. a.What forms of technology did the Bantu bring with them? b. How does migration shape the modern world? Some of their adaptations caused them to continue their migrations to new places. Why?

11. Bantu Migration The migration of the Bantu-speaking peoples helped to shape the cultures of the African continent. a.Why did the Bantu peoples move southward, rather than to the north? b. What happened to the non- Bantu hunter-gather societies as the newcomers spread south? a.How did the Bantu speakers relate to the people they did not drive out? b. What were some results of their intermingling? How did the Bantu Speakers help unify the various peoples of Africa?