1. Verbs A. Infinitive: the name of the basic form of the verb.  In English, it has “to” in front of it  French verbs are grouped according to their infinitive ending.  There are 3 groups.  We start with studying group 1 where all the infinitives end in –er. Name: “-er verbs” Only name Therefore, before you agree subject and verb, there is no tense, Ex. “to be”

2. B. To conjugate: agreeing the subject to the verb. Specifically, “-er verbs” follow a pattern. You put a specific ending on a verb according to the subject. C. A conjugation: a chart showing the subject pronouns and their corresponding verb forms.

3. Infinitives 1.aimer – to like 2. parler-to speak

4. 3. danser-to dance 4. chanter-to sing

5. 5. nager- to swim 6. écouter- to listen to

6. 7. manger-to eat 8. regarder-to look at, watch

7. Example sentences: J’aime la musique. s v obj. I like music. Il aime l’école. s v obj. He likes school. Elle danse le vendredi. s v obj. She dances on Fridays.

8. Our infinitives are composed of 2 parts: 1. the stem 2. the ending ex. parler  the ending *infintives are grouped according to their ending  “-er verbs” parler  the stem *all the letters of the infinitive without the last two letters (e + r) (the ending)

9. Infinitive → aimer (to like) Stem Ending danser (stem) (ending)

10. **How to conjugate a regular ‘-er’ verb 1. Write the skeleton verb chart of subject pronouns.

11. je (I) nous (we) tu (you) vous (you) il (he/it) elle (she/it) ils (they [m/f]) elles (they [f])

12. 2.Take infinitive; that’s the title of conjugation chart. 3.Drop the –er ending. You are left with the stem. Insert the stem only into each of the 6 forms of the conjugation chart. Note: Both infinitive and the conjugated verb have a stem and an ending. The stem for the infinitive and the conjugated verb are the same. The endings are different.

13. Ex. “To speak” Parler Drop –er ending from inf. Parler You are left with “parl” stem. Add “parl” infinitive stem into conjugation chart which now becomes the conjugated verb stem.

14. je parl nous parl tu parl vous parl il elle parl ils parl elles

15. je parle nous parlons tu parles vous parlez il elle parle ils parlent elles 3. Add appropriate conjugated verb ending for each form of conjugation chart.

16. 1 st person singular 1st person plural 2 nd person singular2 nd person plural 3 rd person singular3rd person plural

17. Note: although different spellings, verb endings for the for the 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd person singular forms and 3 rd person plural forms all have the same sound.

18. Example sentences. S + V + Object noun 1. J’aime le français. S.P. V obj. (Remember, you always need an article in French even though you don’t need one in English.) 2.J’aime l’ école. 3.J’aime les vacances. 4.J’aime la télé. 5.J’aime la radio.

19. OR S + V + infinitive I like to do …. RULE: Always conjugate first verb, second verb stays in infinitive form.

20. 1.J’aime nager. S V inf (I like to swim.) 2. J’aime chanter. S V inf (I like to sing.)

21. 3. J’aime écouter de la musique. S V inf object (I like to listen to music.) 4. J’aime regarder la télé(vision). S V inf object (I like to watch T.V.)

22. VERB PHRASES 1. a. parler + a language *français *anglais Note: with the expression, * espagnol it is one of the few times, you * italien don’t use an article. Elle parle espagnol. Nous parlons anglais. Il aime parler italien.

23. b. parler au téléphone

24. 2. jouer + a sport a. au tennis b. au football c. au hockey d. au football américain Il joue au tennis. Vous jouez au football. J’aime jouer au hockey.

25. Ex. 1: Directions: 1. Copy French sentences into notebook and fill in the banks with the correct form of the verb in the parentheses. 2. Then, translate the sentences into English. 1. Paul _________________ à Paris. (habiter) 2.Nous ______________ beaucoup. (étudier) 3.Ils ________ à sept heures le matin. (arriver)

26. 4. Les sœurs et les frères _________________ au football à Providence. (jouer) 5. Vous ________________ très bien. (chanter) 6. Tu _______________ avec Jacqueline à sept heures moins le quart le soir. (manger) 7. Marie _______ au téléphone le samedi. (parler)

27. More –er verbs (set #2) 1. arriver – to arrive 2. donner—to give

28. 3. fermer—to close 4. habiter—to live

29. 5. inviter—to invite 6. jouer—to play 7. étudier—to study 8. travailler—to work

30. 9. trouver—to find 10. penser—to think 11. dîner—to dine, to have dinner 12. téléphoner à (name) —to telephone, to call (a person)

31. Ex. 2: Directions: Copy the English sentences into your notebook, and then translate into French. 1. I like to swim. 2. She speaks English and French. 3. Marc dances on Fridays. 4. The students work, and they study after school. 5. You (pl) arrive at school at 8:15 am. 6. I eat with Jacques Thursdays at 7:45 pm.

32. Translations of verb in the present tense: In French, present tense consists of only one word. In English, present tense can have 3 possible translations. You are responsible for all 3 translations. (FYI, You’re lucky! You don’t need to learn the subtleties of the language!)

33. Je chante. = I sing. I am singing. I do sing.

34. Negative Formation: To make a sentence negative, you put ne…pas around the verb. think of a sandwich ne – – pas  bread v  ONLY thing inside ONLY verb is inside the [ ne... v …pas ] nothing else!!

35. S + ne + V + pas + rest … ‘ne’ turns to n’ when verb begins with vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u, h, y) (elision) v  Ex. Je ne suis pas française. v Il ne joue pas au football. Il ne chante pas, et il ne danse pas. suis joue chante danse

36. When there are 2 verbs in one sentence that belong to the same subject, only put ne…pas around the conjugated verb. (Not/Never the infinitive)  Ex. Elle n’aime pas chanter. verb infinitive

37. Forming Questions in French 1. Rising Intonation in Voice most common way to ask ?’s in conversational French ex. Richard est américain? S + V + obj …?

38. 2. Est-ce que (qu’) [very common question form] *formation a. Simply add ‘est-ce que’ to beginning of question. ex. Est-ce que Richard est américain? Est-ce que + S + V + obj …?

39. b. ex. Où est-ce qu’elle habite? À quelle heure est-ce qu’il arrive à l’école? Question word + est-ce que + S + V + obj …?

40. 3. Inversion [more formal way of making a ?] a. Can only use when the subject of the sentence is a pronoun ( je, tu, il, elle, on, nous, vous, ils, elles ) b. formation: reverse S + V and connect with hyphen V - SP +…? or Question Word (QW) + V – S ?

41. Ex. Où est-il? QW V -SP D’où es-tu? QW V -SP Comment t’appelles-tu? QW V -SP

42. c. NOTE: in the 3 rd Person Singular (il/elle/on) form, if the verb does not end with a ‘t’ or a ‘d’, you must add a ‘t’ between V + S (for all –er verbs, the 3 rd person Sing. Form always ends with an –e, so you will always insert the ‘t’) V –t- ( il/elle/on) +…?

43. ex. 1. Does she speak French? Parle-t-elle français? V - SP 2. Does he eat (Is he eating) with Marie? Mange-t-il avec Marie? 3. Where is he? Où est-il? QW V -SP

44. d. NOTE: Even though you MUST reverse the verb with a subject pronoun only, you can use inversion with a regular subject noun. Formation: (QW) + (regular subject) + V – S.P + rest… ?

45. ex. 1. Is Marc swimming in Antibes? ( Does Mark swim..) Marc nage-t-il à Antibes? Reg. Sub. V - SP 2. Do the girls have dinner at home? Les filles dînent-elles à la maison? Reg. Sub. V - SP 3. When do the friends enter the classroom? Quand les amis entrent-ils dans la salle de classe? QW reg. sub. V - SP