1. Chapter 9
Manifest Destiny

2. 1. Migrating to the West
Trace the settlement and development of the West.
Explain the concept of Manifest Destiny.
Describe the causes and challenges of westward migration.
Explain the causes and effects of the Mexican War.

3. Southwest Southwest had been settled by Spain in the 1500’s
Catholic missions; Mexico gained independence from Spain
Land is attractive to Americans
Came at expense of Indians and Mexicans

4. Westward Movement
Expansionists – people who favored territorial growth
Manifest Destiny – expansion west
Trade with Mexico
Santa Fe Trail
Traded horses, mules, fur, silver for manufactured goods
Others went through Rockies – Mountain Men – California Trail (to northern California)
Oregon Trail branched off into Oregon

7. Westward Movement cont.
Wagon trains journey west
Pulled by oxen; traveled in large groups
Dangers - hunger, exposure, disease
Donner party in Sierra Nevada
Mormon leader, Brigham Young (Joseph Smith had been killed) settles around the Great Salt Lake (later Utah)
Conflicts w/Indians

9. 2. Texas & Mexican War Texas was a Mexican province
Americans migrate to Texas – cheap, fertile land in exchange for being Mexican citizens, Catholics, no slavery
Stephen Austin leads settlers
Tensions grow – Americans didn’t keep bargain

10. Texas cont.
Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana seized power and wants greater autonomy over Texas
1835 – Texans revolt; create Lone Star Republic
Mexican army attacked garrison at the Alamo; overran fort and massacred all prisoners (Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie); second attack at Goliad
Enraged Americans – “Remember the Alamo!”
Sam Houston rallied Texans and crushed Mexican army at Battle of San Jacinto
Texan independence but border troubles

12. Mexican War
Sam Houston – president of Texas; asked U.S. to annex Texas
Congress didn’t want a big new slave state
James K. Polk becomes U.S. President (Democrat) favored annexation, expansion
Northerners would accept Texas if they got something
Compromise w/Britain – they got British Columbia, U.S. got Oregon, Washington, Idaho

13. Mexican War cont.
Texas annexed but U.S. wants border extended to Rio Grande River
U.S. had many advantages – technology, greater population, industry, better trained military
Some famous names – General Zachary Taylor, Winfield Scott, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses Grant, William T. Sherman
U.S. wins every major battle & the war

14. 3. Effects of Expansion & War
Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo
U.S. gains tremendous territory in Southwest
Mexican Cession – Manifest Destiny achieved
Gadsden Purchase (from Mexico) gives us more land
Wilmot Proviso – ban slavery in all new territories from Mexico**
Divides Congress

17. Gold Rush 1848 – John Sutter’s mill – gold discovered!
Forty-niners flock to California
California Gold Rush
Tough conditions, competition, dangerous (no rule of law)
California applies for statehood as a free state
Tips the balance from 15/15 – shows the effects of westward expansion on tensions over slavery