1. CHAPTER 11

2. KEY QUESTIONS

3. Name that tune… O beautiful for spacious skies, For amber waves of grain, For purple mountain majesties Above the fruited plain! America! America! God shed his grace on thee And crown thy good with brotherhood From sea to shining sea!

4. I. EXPANSIONISTS AND MANIFEST DESTINY Expansionist: people who believe that their country’s prosperity depends on enlarging its territory Manifest Destiny: Western lands claimed by other countries and

5. Mountain Men Lewis and Clark explored the Louisiana Purchase from Owed many skills to Took jobs as hunters, trappers, guides, and

6. TRAILS WEST Oregon Trail – Life on the Trail: – Had to avoid snow, breakdowns, dead horses and oxen, snakes, stampedes, disease, Native Americans

7. The Mormons Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Founded by Joseph Smith Shared all Moved to

8. Native Americans in the Far West Many traded with settlers Served as guides Many disagreements and distrust

9. II. THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS Texas owned by Mexico – ideal for growing Approval from Mexico – Stephen Austin brought first group of settlers – Empresarios – – Every Texas settler had to become a Mexican citizen and – By 1830 Mexico feared growing American influence

10. Texas Revolution Texans did not like new Mexican laws Texas rebelled against Mexican leader chosen to lead volunteer army

11. The Alamo San Antonio mission surrounded by Santa Anna Leaders – All male defenders killed “Remember the Alamo, Remember Goliad” –

12. From Col. William Barret Travis To David Ayers March 3, 1836 “Take care of my little boy. If the country should be saved, I may make for him a splendid fortune; but if the country be lost and I should perish, he will have nothing but the proud recollection that he is the son of a man who died for his country.”

13. Independence Sam Houston trapped Santa Anna at the San Jacinto River – Lone Star Republic: – Constitution makes slavery legal – Sam Houston – first president – Wanted to be ANNEXED to the U.S. – – Congress and President Andrew Jackson do not annex Texas –

14. III. Mexican American War Annexing Texas and Oregon – Texas becomes a state in 1845 – President James Polk – expansionist – “54 o 40’ or Fight!” –

15. Conflict Breaks out June, 1845 - President Polk orders General Zachary Taylor to lead army to disputed Texas border April, 1846 – U.S. and Mexican troops clash –

16. War Begins General Zachary Taylor won battles along Nueces River General Stephen Kearney captures Santa Fe and marches to California Bear Flag Revolt:

17. War Continues Santa Anna returns to power in September, 1846 – defeated by Taylor at Buena Vista General Winfield Scott captures

18. War Ends Final triumph of Manifest Destiny – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexican Cession – Gadsden Purchase Mexican and Native American cultures merge with American culture

19. California Gold Rush Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill (Sacramento) Everyone rushes to find gold – by 1849, 80,000 people came – becomes the 31 st state in 1850 Prospect – search for gold Placer Miners –