1. AP World History Mr. Charnley
Islamic Empires
AP World History
Mr. Charnley

2. Ottoman Empire Mongol Invasions Ottomans 13th century
Collapse of Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in Asia Minor in 14th century
Ottomans
14th -20th centuries
Turkic peoples migrated to Asia Minor from Central Asia
Osman (founder)
Mehmed II the Conqueror wiped out Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantines)

3. Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire
Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, Middle East, and North Africa
Powerful military
Rivaled Italian naval power in Mediterranean
Besieged Habsburg Vienna in 16th and 17th centuries
Distracted Charles V from Protestant Reformation

4. Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent 1520-1566 Golden Age Roxelana
Social, educational, and legal reform
Conquests
Expansion into Europe halted by Austrian Habsburgs
Defeated at Battle of Lepanto in and Siege of Vienna in 1683
Conflict with Safavid Empire in Persia
Conquered much of Middle East

5. Ottoman Empire Imperial Organization Sultan Warrior aristocracy
Bureaucracy = Grand Vizier
Harem = concubines
Warrior aristocracy
Timar = land for military service
Regional and decentralized
Devshirme
Ghulam
Janissaries
Dhimmis
‘People of the Book’
Merchant class

6. Ottoman Empire Military Decline Army Navy Inferior technology
Janissaries refused to adapt
Europeans developed new weapons
Navy
Battle of Lepanto (1571)
Spanish and Italians weakened Ottoman influence in Mediterranean
Maritime trade
Indian Ocean trade = Portuguese cut out Ottoman middlemen
Trans-Atlantic trade = Spanish silver caused inflation

7. Ottoman Empire Decline Overexpansion Oversized government
Corruption
Expensive
Militarisitic
Weak leadership
Issues of succession
Janissaries

8. Safavid Empire Origins 16th-18th centuries Turkic people
Mongol and Timurid invasions of 13th and 14th centuries
Sufi mystics
Sail al-Din
Red Heads

9. Safavid Empire Expansion Conquered Persia Battle of Chaldiran
Defeated by Ottoman Empire
Inferior technology
Prevented spread of Shia Islam beyond Persia
Tahmasq I
Feudalistic system = land grants to warrior elites for military service
Persian bureaucracy
Slave class

10. Safavid Empire Abbas the Great 1587-1629 Slave class Militarization
Eastern European captives converted to Islam
Ghulam = Elite military forces and government officials comprised of slaves
Militarization
Adopted European military technology and strategies
Built up large, modern army

11. Safavid Empire Culture Economy
Shifted from Turkish to Persian language
Forced citizens to convert to Shia Islam
Padishahs adopted Persian culture
Economy
Abbas the Great
Encouraged international trade with Ottomans, Chinese, Indians, and Europeans
Worked to improve infrastructure of empire

12. Safavid Empire Decline Succession problems Foreign conflicts Economy
Abbas executed all potential rivals for fear of rebellion
Foreign conflicts
Wars with Ottoman Empire, Mughal Empire, Turkic tribes, and local warlords
Economy
British and Portuguese merchants in India cut out Safavid Empire from regional trade
Conquered by Turkic Afghani tribes in 18th century

13. Mughal Empire 16th-18th centuries Babur Humayan
Descended from Mongol leader Genghis Khan and Turko-Mongolian leader Timur
Raided India from Afghanistan
Set up capital at Delhi in 1526
Humayan
Driven out of India by rival warlords
Reconquered Delhi in 1556

14. Mughal Empire Akbar Cultural Tolerance Warrior aristocracy
Abolished jizya
Allied and intermarried with Hindu princes
Din-i-Ilahi = religion combining Hindu and Islamic principles
Warrior aristocracy
Granted peasant laborers in exchange for maintaining standing armies
Modernized military with Ottoman and European assistance
Local warlords were granted direct control over their lands
Social reforms
Abolished sati and purdah

15. Mughal Empire Jahangir and Shah Jahan Successors of Akbar
Very little territorial expansion
Cultural contributions
Taj Mahal
Blended Muslim domes, arches, and minarets with Hindu ornament, marble, and reflecting pools
Tomb for Mumtaz Mahal, wife of Shah Jahan
Gender roles
Imperial court women had expanded roles
Common Indian women’s rights were restricted

16. Mughal Empire Aurangzeb Decline Overexpansion Corrupt bureaucracy
Undisciplined military
Mistreated peasantry
Overexpansion
Economic exhaustion
Governmental corruption
Persecuted Hinduism and Sikhism
Rebellion
Regionalism
Officially dissolved by British in 1858 after Sepoy Mutiny

17. Islamic Society Society and Gender Warrior elites Slavery
Economic expansion
Trade
technology
Public works projects
Palaces
mosques
Cultural Diffusion
Patriarchal
Seclusion and veiling of women