1. Psychoanalytic Theories
A theory of personality, and a form of therapeutic intervention
based on principle of psychic determinism: “nothing happens by chance”
Freud
Jung

2. The Johari Window

3. Freud: Structure of Personality
Id: Primitive part of the mind, repository of drives, major goal is “gratification”
Superego: judge or critic (divided into conscience and ego-ideal)
Ego: mediates between superego and id
Eros: the “life” instinct
Thanatos: the “death” instinct

4. Behaviour Shaped by ego attempting to reconcile id and super-ego
When ego has difficulty, it produces a series of defenses aimed at providing protection and gratification simultaneously
Ego-defenses = unconscious manipulation of reality

5. Ego Defences Repression: bar from consciousness the id impulse
Denial: blocking external events from awareness
Asceticism: renunciation of all pleasures
Reaction Formation: “over-reacting”
Isolation: somatizing emotions

6. Ego Defences
Intellectualization: stripping emotion from difficult or threatening impulse
Displacement: redirection of an impulse to a safe substitute
Projection: attribute undesirable wishes to some other person
Regression: return to a less mature form

7. Ego Defences
Sublimation: transforming unacceptable impulse into a productive, socially acceptable form
“What unconscious protection or gratification does this client get from [insert medical condition here]”

8. Developmental Context (Freud)
Oral Stage: months
Anal Stage: 18 months - 3 years
Phallic Stage: 3-6 years
Latency 7-11 years
Oedipal Phase/Electra Complex

9. Application of Psychoanalytic Theory
Free Association (no intervention)
Resistance
Transference
Counter-transference
Goal of any therapeutic alliance is to make the unconscious, conscious

10. Jung’s Theory of Personality
Ego: the conscious mind
Personal Unconscious: no instincts
Collective Unconscious: “psychic inheritance” of the human species

11. Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious
The Mother
Mana: spiritual connectedness
Shadow: drive concerned with survival and reproduction
Persona: projection of self in public space
Syzygy: consists of Anima and Animus

12. Dynamics of the Psyche Principle of Opposites Principle of Equivalence
Principle of Entropy
Synchronicity

13. Strengths/Limitations
- it’s probably true
- it works in difficult cases
- highlights importance of sexuality
Limitations:
- over-emphasizes psyche, can be paralyzing
- more theoretical than practical?

14. Applications in practice
Free association: provide reason for active listening
Avoid “medicalizing” all problems
Patient is author of his/her own “life script”
E-ducat = “to lead out of darkness”
Role of health professional is not content download, but assist to self-discovery