1. Dealing with Conflict in a Community Setting Prepared by David Duff and Christina Pretty November 2011

2. Outline What is Conflict? Conflict in a Community Setting Resolving Community Conflict Conflict Resolution Organizations

3. What is Conflict? Conflict is any struggle between opposing forces May result from differences in needs, ideas, beliefs, values, or feelings between the two parties Can easily escalate Creates tension Can be positive or negative

4. Positive and Negative Conflict Positive ConflictNegative Conflict Can be channelled into finding positive solutions that meet people’s needs Creative ▫Motivates teams to look at a problem that may have been otherwise overlooked New ideas for old problems Increased interest and renewed energy to fix a particular problem Does not contribute to building cohesion and trust Does not move towards finding consensus solutions Reduces efficiency Leads to negative feelings between parties Causes disruptions Diverts team energy to a destructive path

5. Are there any forms of violence, including physical, verbal, or emotional? Do you feel threatened? Has the issue causing the conflict been discussed endlessly? Do group discussions always lead back to the one issue, no matter what the subject of the discussion should be? Do you feel bad, lessened, or exploited after a discussion about the conflict? Distinguishing Positive from Negative Conflict If you answered YES to any of the above questions, you have Negative Conflict If you answered NO to all of the above questions, you are likely to have Positive Conflict Source: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/884762.pdfhttp://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/884762.pdf

6. Conflict in a Community Setting Communities are often faced with conflicts Conflicts may result from ▫sharing of water resources, waste disposal, zoning rights, etc. ▫proposed changes to historical, cultural, or economic aspects of the community Image source: http://north-west-news.whereilive.com.au/news/story/mitchelton- residents-protest-neighbourhood-plan/http://north-west-news.whereilive.com.au/news/story/mitchelton- residents-protest-neighbourhood-plan/

7. Conflict is inevitable, but combat is optional. - Max Lucado Source: http://resolveyourdispute.co.uk/conflict-is-inevitable-but-combat-is-optional/http://resolveyourdispute.co.uk/conflict-is-inevitable-but-combat-is-optional/

8. Managing Community Conflict Acknowledge that the conflict does exist Use effective communication between the affected parties Negotiation Predict future conflicts

9. Acknowledge that the Conflict Does Exist Often, parties are in denial that a problem exists Leaving the issue unacknowledged may cause the problem to grow with devastating consequences The earlier the conflict is acknowledged, the earlier steps can be taken to resolve it

10. Effective Communication Maintain contact with the persons involved throughout the entire process of resolving the conflict ▫Gives the individuals and groups a sense of importance within the issue Image sources: http://www.catalystpaper.com/media/gallery/corporate- images/powell-river-community-meeting &http://www.catalystpaper.com/media/gallery/corporate- images/powell-river-community-meeting http://www.hnhblhin.on.ca/Newsletter.aspx?id=92

11. Effective Communication Provide accurate information to the community ▫Through school administrators, church leaders, popular clubs within the community, etc. Do not place all of the blame on the other party Be polite Actively listen to concerns and feedback

12. Activity – Are you really listening? The person at one end of the table says a word. The person sitting next to them must then say a different word that begins with the previous word’s last letter. It continues around the table. Example: bat – that – tin – nail Image source: http://activerain.com/blogsview/891628/ahhhhh-to-get- a-word-in-edgewise-how-not-listening-is-a-deterrent-in- real-estate-and-life- http://activerain.com/blogsview/891628/ahhhhh-to-get- a-word-in-edgewise-how-not-listening-is-a-deterrent-in- real-estate-and-life-

13. Negotiation Hold public meetings to specifically discuss problem issues ▫Where individuals and groups can voice their opinions and concerns Seek help from local organizations specializing in community conflict resolution ▫Canadian Institute for Conflict Resolution Use mediators and facilitators

14. Mediation A problem-solving process Those in conflict meet with a neutral third-party (the mediator) in a safe setting to discuss and resolve their differences Mediators do not take sides, give advice, make suggestions, or impose settlements. ▫They ask clarifying questions, reflect feelings, and identify needs Source: http://www.mediation-works.org/pg16.cfmhttp://www.mediation-works.org/pg16.cfm

15. Predicting Future Conflicts Learn from previous community conflicts ▫Gather information through community questionnaires, surveys, etc. The ability to understand past conflicts helps communities to develop new strategies for preventing, managing, and intervening in future conflicts

16. Predicting Future Conflicts Questions to ask to help predict conflict: Are natural resources a factor that may cause conflict in your community? Are there any religious or ethnic factors that may cause conflict in the future? Does the government/municipality represent the people’s ideas and needs? Encourage debate and discussion of ideas within the community? Have there been any economic shocks or financial crises within the community?

17. Conflict Resolution Organizations Mediation and Restorative Justice Centre (Alberta) Canadian Institute for Conflict Resolution Image Sources: http://www.mrjc.ca & http://www.cicr-icrc.cahttp://www.mrjc.cahttp://www.cicr-icrc.ca

18. The Canadian Institute for Conflict Resolution (CICR) Peace-making process Enables community groups and organizations to become their own “conflict resolvers” ▫Facilitates processes and community dialogues to develop local solutions to local conflicts ▫Offers community-level training in conflict resolution Uses Community Based Conflict Resolution

19. Community Based Conflict Resolution (CBCR) The processes of CBCR should: Foster dignity and respect Be positively centered Be inclusive and barrier-free Be vision-based Be timely and sustainable Recognize the complexity of conflict Source: http://www.cicr-icrc.ca/media/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20CBCR%20definition01.pdfhttp://www.cicr-icrc.ca/media/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20CBCR%20definition01.pdf

20. Resources Canadian Institute for Conflict Resolution (http://www.cicr-icrc.ca/pages/intro.php)http://www.cicr-icrc.ca/pages/intro.php Community Conflict: A Resource Pack (http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/communities/communityconflict)http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/communities/communityconflict Conflict Resolution: Acknowledge the conflict exists (http://www.entrepreneurialwoman.ca/2011/09/14/conflict-resolution- acknowledge-the-conflict-exists)http://www.entrepreneurialwoman.ca/2011/09/14/conflict-resolution- acknowledge-the-conflict-exists Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Community Capacity Building http://www.ibrd.gov.nl.ca/regionaldev/capacitybuilding.html http://www.ibrd.gov.nl.ca/regionaldev/capacitybuilding.html Listening Games and Activities (http://www.articlesforeducators.com/dir/language_arts/listening_skills/listening_ games.asp)http://www.articlesforeducators.com/dir/language_arts/listening_skills/listening_ games.asp Mediation and Restorative Justice Centre (http://mrjc.ca/)http://mrjc.ca/ Mediation Works (http://www.mediation-works.org)http://www.mediation-works.org Newfoundland and Labrador Regional Economic Development Association (NLREDA). Resource Materials http://www.nlreda.ca/content.php?cid=40&nav=71 Resolve Your Dispute (http://resolveyourdispute.co.uk/conflict-is-inevitable-but- combat-is-optional/)http://resolveyourdispute.co.uk/conflict-is-inevitable-but- combat-is-optional/ Workplace Conflict: An Inevitable Fact of Life (http://www.mediate.com/articles/workedit2.cfm)http://www.mediate.com/articles/workedit2.cfm

21. Thank you!