1. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics1 Hybrid stability studies Multi – chip hybrid stability problem when more then ~ 2 chips powered up -> common mode oscillation Strasbourg experiments => sensitivity to decoupling on V125 line Instability not observed on single chip test setups but known sensitivity of preamp to resistance in V125 supply identified (during design phase) and solved on chip by splitting V125 with separated bond pads Outline Explanation/simulation of phenomenon Possible solutions Single chip measurements of implemented solutions Conclusions Mark Raymond m.raymond@ic.ac.uk

2. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics2 7.1 mm 8.1 mm APV25s1 layout

3. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics3 input FET inverter stage V125 Preamp schematic – 1 channel inverter stage originally included to allow maximum use of dynamic range available at shaper output required for p-strip readout inverter FET operating point determined by input FET since both device sources connected to V125 use simplified schematic source follower

4. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics4 Common mode stability concerns identified during design stage on-chip track resistance leads to positive feedback path around preamp -> common mode instability which gets worse with increasing number of channels track resistances

5. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics5 On-chip solution implemented Split V125 supply on chip with separate bond pads effectively removes on-chip coupling Problem solved? Thought so but..... Common V125 supply on hybrid

6. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics6 Multi-chip schematic If sufficient resistance present in common V125 path then problem can re-surface (more chips => more channels) (can still occur for a single chip if resistance big enough)

7. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics7 Simulation Approach use single channel model, put in calculated resistances for tracks but multiply values by 128 Look at dependence of transient response on external resistor in V125 supply – one chip only here Preamp output shows some increase in gain for resistances up to 10 m  equivalent (note origins of waveforms offset for clarity)

8. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics8 Increasing common resistance still further Instability sets in for equivalent resistance >30 m  frequency similar to that observed on hybrid (~30 kHz) Interim Conclusion instability effect can be simulated strong evidence that V125 supply resistance to blame simulation may help to find solution

9. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics9 Solutions to problem More than one – some more attractive than others reduce power plane resistance on hybrid probably end up pushing problem elsewhere Maintain V125 separation on hybrid, through connector, through mother cable,...... where to stop? others......... Preferred solution Concentrate here on option that appears to be most robust

10. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics10 Proposed solution V125 supplies preamp input FETs only V125 supply to inverter stage derived from V250 via resistor probably better to supply each chip from individual resistor (~100  ) to ensure current shared equally Input and inverter FET common sources completely decoupled by power supplies

11. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics11 How does it work? Previous preamp power scheme Current in inverter stages determined by operating point of input devices (scaled by relative widths) New scheme Voltage on gates of inverter transistors same as before All 128 inverter FETs operate in parallel to maintain their common sources at a threshold above gate voltages -> ~V125 => current in inverters defined by resistor value V125 V250 Vg Vg+Vt = ~V125

12. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics12 Experimental results with single chip pcb APV25s1 test pcb altered to allow inverter V125 connection to V125 or to V250 via 100  resistor response to internal calibrate pulse (16 channels) V125V250/100  no common mode subtraction used for above plots if algorithm used which calculates CM excluding channels containing signal 16 cal chans remaining 112 channels V125V250/100  appears to be good solution – minor drawback of power consumption in resistor

13. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics13 Can go further... Why not derive input FET source voltage from V250 too? Not as robust as previous solution to supply line resistance Significant increase in power consumption (~25%) But supply is now only two rails and currents balanced

14. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics14 Experimental results 2 rail operation No CM subtraction CM subtract using average of channels not containing signal CM subtract using median value of all channels cal pulse response performance not apparently affected by supplying input FET current from V250 via 24  resistor

15. Jan, 2001CMS Tracker Electronics15 Conclusions Stability problems encountered with 1 st hybrid version understood and can be simulated Proposed solution of deriving inverter V125 supply from V250 via a resistor appears robust. Only significant drawback a minor increase in power consumption.