1. 1798-1821

2.  Was ruled mostly by Spain  Leaders came from Spain, France and Portugal  Latin language origins

3.  Enlightenment  Revolutions in US and France  Napoleonic Wars -Focus was in Europe -Spain and Portugal both Occupied for a period of time  Napoleon increases nationalism

4.  Peninsulares: Latin Americans born in Spain  Creoles: Spaniards born in Latin America  Mestizos: People of mixed European and Indian ancestry  Mulattoes: People of mixed European and African ancestry

7.  Who rebelled? Slaves rebelled against French  Huge Slave Population  Why: Freedom

8.  L’Overture leads a successful slave revolt in 1798 – he was a mulatto  Napoleon sends troops to take back Haiti in 1803  Guerilla Warfare  L’Overture is captured, but revolution continues  Defeat of French Army  Haiti becomes republic in 1820

9.  Area of New Spain spread from Mid-N. America to tip of S. America  Very few rights for native population  Who rebelled? Creoles Rebel  Why? Want their freedom

10.  Simon Bolivar was a South American born General  Served in Spanish Army against Napoleon  Went back to South America and took over Independence movement  Known as the “The Great Liberator”  Slowly pushes Spanish out  Helped by Jose de San Martin

11.  Who rebelled? Father Miguel Hidalgo, a priest, leads the movement with other Native Americans, Mestizo, and Creoles  Why? They want to end slavery  What happened? 1820 they gain independence

12.  Portuguese Colony  Portuguese Royal family flees to Brazil when Napoleon takes over  Family leaves, but one son remain behind  Who Rebelled? Creoles and Royal  Why? Want to end colonial rule  What happens?  Pedro I- declares Brazil an independent nation  He rules as a monarch