1. EPNM-2012 Energometall Inc. St.Petersburg, Russia V.S.Vakin Explosive Welding of Steels with Al-Mg and Ti Alloys: Comparative Analysis Сравнительный анализ сварки алюминиево- магниевых и титановых сплавов и сталей Биметалл и металлопрокат для ® Bimetal and metal products for mechanical engineering

2. Previous Conclusions 1.In case of direct joining of AlMg6, bonding strength of this joint is achieved due to an intermetalic interlayer, and high homogeneity of such joint depends on thickness of this interlayer. 2.In case of direct joining of AlMg6 covered with pure Aluminum, bonding strength of this joint is achieved due to this covering layer, which is presented in a tempered condition. 3. The difficulty in obtaining of a joint of AlMg6 with carbon or stainless steel is explained by a considerable difference in heating temperatures of each layer and by a considerable difference in the speed rate of heat transfer between the layers.

3. 4. In order to obtain an appropriate bond of AlMg6 and steel on a sufficient area, it is necessary to use an interlayer which should be a ductile material of the sufficient heat conductivity. 5. Practical value of the direct joint of AlMg6 and steel for the wide industrial application is not evident.

4. Results Parameters Tear test of cladding layer for combination AISI321+AlMg6 Statistics F, at distruction point Fmax F, at distruction point Preload Testing rate

5. Shear test of bi-metal for combination AISI321+AlMg6 Parameters Preload Testing rate Results F, at distruction point Fmax F, at distruction point Statistics

6. Localization of Intermetallics in the Peripheral Part of Bi-metal Plate AlMg6-Steel Локализация интерметаллидов в периферийной части биметаллического листа AlMg6-сталь

7. Formation of Local cracks in the Peripheral Part of Bi-metal Plate AlMg6-Steel Образование локальных трещин в периферийной части биметаллического листа AlMg6-сталь

8. Increase of Local Cracks in the Peripheral Part of Bi-metal Plate AlMg6-Steel Укрупнение локальных трещин в периферийной части биметаллического листа AlMg6-сталь

9. Characteristics for Titanium alloy grade PT-3V (ПТ-3В) FeCSiVNTiAlZrOHImpurity max 0.25 max 0.1 max 0.12 1.2 - 2.5 max 0.04 91.39 - 95 3.5 - 5 max 0.3 max 0.15 max 0.006 other 0.3 Chemical composition in % for grade PT-3V ( ПТ-3В ) Mechanical properties under Т=20 o С for grade PT-3V (ПТ-3В) AssortmentDimensionDirect.sвsв sTsT d5d5 yKCU Heat treatment -mm-MPa %kJ / m 2 - Plate, GOST 23755-79 11 - 26 835-880 1022-25600Annealing

10. Tear test of cladding layer for combination Titanium PT3V + 09G2S Испытания на отрыв плакирующего слоя PT3V + 09G2S F max F, at distruction point NrMPa 1316315 2185 3242235 4277266 5250 Series F max F, at distruction point n=5MPa x254250 s48,347,3 n19,0318,91 Statistics Results

11. Shear test of cladding layer for combination Titanium PT3V + 09G2S Испытания на срез биметалла Titanium PT3V + 09G2S F макс F при разрушении NrMPa 1513- 2478- 3510- 445789,2 5506488 6434408 SerieF макс F при разрушении n = 6MPa x483329 s32,2211 6,6664,25

12. PT3V-Steel Gr.1-Steel ВТ1-0 –Steel («PROMETEI»)

13. Macrostructure of a Single Wave of Combination PT3V-Steel Микроструктура единичной волны соединения PT3V-сталь

14. Zones with Intermetallics Inside of a Single Wave of Combination PT3V-Steel Зоны интерметаллидов внутри единичной волны соединения PT3V-сталь

15. Project 1 Project: Project 1 Owner: INCA Site: Site of Interest 1 Sample: Sample 1 Type: Default ID: Processing option : All elements(Normalised) Number of iterations = 3 Standards : Fe Ka Fe_20kV V Ka V_20kV Ti Ka Ti_20kV Zr La Zr_20kV Al Ka y_20kV Label : WD Data 49 Acquistion conditions : kV = 20.0 Tilt = 0.0 degs Azimuth = 0.0 degs Elevation = 30.0 degs Effective take off angle = 30.0 degs Elementk RatioWeight% IntensityAtomic% SigmaCorrn. Fe Ka0.2115927.2320.2180.881523.293 V Ka0.013651.5620.0770.99181.465 Ti Ka0.5756865.7020.2180.994065.522 Zr La0.000130.0200.0520.72610.010 Al Ka0.021215.4840.0650.43889.710 Totals100.000

16. Project 1 Project: Project 1 Owner: INCA Site: Site of Interest 1 Sample: Sample 2 Type: Default ID: Processing option : All elements(Normalised) Number of iterations = 2 Standards : Fe Ka Fe_20kV V Ka V_20kV Ti Ka Ti_20kV Zr La Zr_20kV Al Ka y_20kV Label : WD Data 50 Acquistion conditions : kV = 20.0 Tilt = 0.0 degs Azimuth = 0.0 degs Elevation = 30.0 degs Effective take off angle = 30.0 degs Elementk RatioWeight% IntensityAtomic % SigmaCorrn. Fe Ka0.7082275.3630.1850.957771.754 V Ka0.005630.5420.0461.05720.566 Ti Ka0.2320022.9620.1721.029625.489 Zr La0.000190.0300.0330.65690.017 Al Ka0.003821.1030.0320.35342.173 Totals100.000

17. Project 1 Project: Project 1 Owner: INCA Site: Site of Interest 1 Sample: Sample 3 Type: Default ID: Processing option : All elements(Normalised) Number of iterations = 2 Standards : Fe Ka Fe_20kV V Ka V_20kV Ti Ka Ti_20kV Zr La Zr_20kV Al Ka y_20kV Label : WD Data 51 Acquistion conditions : kV = 20.0 Tilt = 0.0 degs Azimuth = 0.0 degs Elevation = 30.0 degs Effective take off angle = 30.0 degs Elementk RatioWeight% IntensityAtomic% SigmaCorrn. Fe Ka0.6702171.8070.2000.951668.066 V Ka0.006160.5980.0481.05080.621 Ti Ka0.2676026.5800.1881.026529.375 Zr La0.000260.0390.0480.66350.023 Al Ka0.003430.9760.0300.35801.914 Totals100.000

18. Model of Deformational Heating-up of Cladding and Base Plates at the Point of Contact Модель деформационного разогрева плакирующего и базового листов в зоне контакта

19. k hg = Factor of deformational heat generation k hg =Rm / ρ ( kJ/kg) Rm - tensile strength ρ - density

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