1. Civil Rights Movement in Georgia 1940s-1950s
SS8H11: The student will evaluate the role of Georgia in the modern civil rights movement.
Describe major developments in civil rights and Georgia’s role during the 1940s and 1950s; include the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the 1946 governor’s race and the end of the white primary, Brown v. Board of Education, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag.

2. 1946 Georgia Governor’s Race
Governor Ellis Arnall’s term was ending and it was time to elect a new governor.
62 year old Eugene Talmadge was elected governor again for the 3rd time.
Talmadge died before he was sworn in as Governor, therefore, the following men claimed they were governor of Georgia:
1. Ellis Arnall (Governor at that time)
2. Melvin Thompson (Lieutenant Governor)
3. Herman Talmadge (Eugene’s son)
In March of 1947, the Georgia Supreme Court ruled that Melvin Thompson was the Governor of Georgia.

3. Three Governors Controversy
Eugene Talmadge
Ellis Arnall
Melvin Thompson
Herman Talmadge

4. Herman Talmadge
In 1948, Georgians elected Herman Talmadge Governor of Georgia.
Then again in 1950.
Strict segregationist, who did not want to integrate Georgia’s schools.
As governor, he increased public education from 1st grade-12th grade + lengthened the school year to nine months + raised the standards for buildings, equipment, and school curriculum. Enacted a 3% sales tax to pay for the Minimum, Foundation Program Education Act.
He was elected to the U.S. Senate from 1956 to 1981.

5. Civil Rights Act

6. Brown vs. Board of Education http://www. youtube. com/watch
In 1950, seven year old Linda Brown, a black student, tried to enroll in an all-white school in Topeka, Kansas.
When she was denied entry, the NAACP helped Linda’s father sue the Topeka Board of Education.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that separate-but-equal schools were unconstitutional (illegal).

7. Brown vs Board of Education
I Have A Dream Speech from the March on Washington.
Username: griffinms
Password: student

8. Dr. Benjamin E. Mays
Lifelong educator, who taught at Morehouse College and became the President of this college, too from
Helped Morehouse College students to create the Omega Psi Phi fraternity
Served as the 1st African American president of the Atlanta Public School Board of Education from

9. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Born in Atlanta, GA in 1929
Graduated from Morehouse College in 1946.
Baptist preacher who led the Civil Rights Movement from
Through non-violence, he led many boycotts, marches, and protests
Formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957
Helped to get the Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed into law
Won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964
Assassinated on April 4, 1968

10. ML King Jr

11. 1956 Georgia Flag
1956, the state’s flag was changed to incorporate the St. Andrew’s cross, a Confederate battle emblem.
The flag was changed as a protest to the desegregation of Georgia’s schools. It was designed to protest pro-civil rights rulings such as Brown v Board of Education.
African Americans were offended, by this reference to slavery.
The 1956 flag was damaging to Georgia’s tourism and business industries.
In 2001, the General Assembly along with Governor Sonny Perdue signed into law the flag below:

12. 2003 to Present Georgia Flag

13. Civil Rights Movement in Georgia 1960s-1970s
SS8H11b: Analyze the role Georgia and prominent Georgians played in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and 1970s; include such events as the founding of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Sibley Commission, admission of Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to the University of Georgia, Albany Movement, March on Washington, Civil Rights Act, the election of Maynard Jackson as mayor of Atlanta, and the role of Lester Maddox.
c. Discuss the impact of Andrew Young on Georgia.

14. Music from 1965 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltRwmgYEUr8 Temptations
Beatles
Jackson 5

15. 1960s-1970s
Student Non-Violence Coordinating Committee (SNCC): An Atlanta-based organization for young African Americans to peacefully participate in the Civil Rights Movement.
Led protest
Sit-ins at lunch counters
Boycotts of businesses that would not serve blacks
Registering black voters

16. SNCC
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded in April 1960, by young people who had emerged as leaders of the sit-in protest movement initiated on February 1 of that year by four black college students in Greensboro, North Carolina.
SNCC members decided to sit in the “whites only” waiting room at the Albany bus station.
It resulted in the jailing of more than 1,000 African Americans in Albany and surrounding rural counties.

17. The University of Georgia
In 1959, Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes applied to attend the University of Georgia and were denied.
They sued UGA and in 1960, federal court ordered UGA to admit them.
They graduated in 1963 from UGA.

18. Sibley Commission
Governor Ernest Vandiver chose John Sibley to head up this commission.
A respected Atlanta businessman, lawyer, and president of the University of Georgia Alumni Association, Sibley was selected because he opposed integration.
The commission was created to allow Georgia’s public school boards to vote on whether or not to desegregate their schools.
Although the Sibley Commission helped to prevent the violence that accompanied desegregation in other Deep South states, it also provided tactics that local school boards could use to slow down the desegregation process.

19. Albany Movement (1961)
It was the first mass movement in the modern Civil Rights Era to have as its goal the desegregation of an entire community (Albany, GA).
The goal of the movement was to integrate the bus station waiting rooms in Albany, Georgia

20. Civil Rights Act of 1964
This law outlawed segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment. It would also withhold federal funds from schools that did not end segregation.
Public facilities are: restaurants, parks, movie theaters, hotels, schools, and libraries.
In the South, many whites were still resistant to change.
Lester Maddox refused to serve African Americans in his Atlanta restaurant, so he closed his business.

21. Lester Maddox
Segregationist, who was elected governor in He won after being elected by the General Assembly rather than the people.
Declared that integration or desegregation would never happen as long as he was in charge.
In a weird twist of fate, Governor Maddox appointed more African Americans to state boards and commissions than prior governors combined.
Also, he integrated the Georgia State Patrol.

22. James “Jimmy” Carter Former Governor of Georgia
Elected the 39th President of the USA in
He is from Plains, Georgia.
Only U.S. President to come from Georgia.

23. Maynard Jackson
In 1974, Maynard Jackson was sworn in as Atlanta’s youngest and 1st African American mayor.
He was Atlanta’s mayor from , , and from
Led the development & expansion of MARTA
He helped to expand Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport
Helped to bring the 1996 Olympics to Georgia

24. Andrew Young, Jr. Baptist preacher
Trusted aide to Martin Luther King, Jr.
United States Ambassador to the United Nations from
Increased programs for the arts.
Mayor of Atlanta from and
Helped to bring the 1996 Olympics to Georgia
Currently, a professor at Georgia State University.
Expanded the airport